Pathogens and planetary change

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

Emerging infectious diseases, biodiversity loss, and anthropogenic environmental change are interconnected crises with massive social ecological costs. In this Review, we discuss how pathogens parasites responding to global change, the implications for pandemic prevention conservation. Ecological evolutionary principles help explain why both pandemics wildlife die-offs becoming more common; land-use loss often followed by an increase in zoonotic vector-borne diseases; some species, such as bats, host so many emerging pathogens. To prevent next pandemic, scientists should focus on monitoring limiting spread of a handful high-risk viruses, especially at key interfaces farms live-animal markets. But address much broader set disease risks associated Anthropocene, decision-makers will need develop comprehensive strategies that include pathogen surveillance across species ecosystems; conservation-based interventions reduce human–animal contact protect health; health system strengthening; improvements epidemic preparedness response. Scientists can contribute these efforts filling gaps data, expanding evidence base disease–driver relationships interventions. This Review explores relationship between diseases connected changes Anthropocene.

Язык: Английский

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Towards a ‘people and nature’ paradigm for biodiversity and infectious disease

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 380(1917)

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

Zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases are among the most direct human health consequences of biodiversity change. The COVID-19 pandemic increased policymakers’ attention on links between ecological degradation disease, sparked discussions around nature-based interventions to mitigate zoonotic emergence epidemics. Yet, although disease ecology provides an increasingly granular knowledge wildlife in changing ecosystems, we still have a poor understanding net for disease. Here, argue that renewed focus wildlife-borne as complex socio-ecological systems—a ‘people nature’ paradigm—is needed identify local transformative system-wide changes could reduce burden. We discuss longstanding scientific narratives involvement systems, which largely framed people disruptors, three emerging research areas provide wider system perspectives: how anthropogenic ecosystems construct new niches feedbacks social vulnerability role human-to-animal pathogen transmission (‘spillback’) systems. conclude by discussing opportunities better understand predictability outcomes from change integrate drivers into intervention design evaluation. This article is part discussion meeting issue ‘Bending curve towards nature recovery: building Georgina Mace's legacy biodiverse future’.

Язык: Английский

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Averting wildlife-borne infectious disease epidemics requires a focus on socio-ecological drivers and a redesign of the global food system

EClinicalMedicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 47, С. 101386 - 101386

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2022

A debate has emerged over the potential socio-ecological drivers of wildlife-origin zoonotic disease outbreaks and emerging infectious (EID) events. This Review explores extent to which incidence outbreaks, are likely include devastating pandemics like HIV/AIDS COVID-19, may be linked excessive increasing rates tropical deforestation for agricultural food production wild meat hunting trade, further related contemporary ecological crises such as global warming mass species extinction. Here we explore a set precautionary responses zoonosis threat, including: (a) limiting human encroachment into wildlands by promoting transition diets low in livestock source foods; (b) containing trade curbing urban demand, while securing access indigenous people local communities remote subsistence areas; (c) improving biosecurity other strategies break transmission pathways at wildlife-human interface along animal supply chains.

Язык: Английский

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Human footprint is associated with shifts in the assemblages of major vector-borne diseases

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(6), С. 652 - 661

Опубликована: Март 13, 2023

Abstract Predicting how increasing intensity of human–environment interactions affects pathogen transmission is essential to anticipate changing disease risks and identify appropriate mitigation strategies. Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are highly responsive environmental changes, but such responses notoriously difficult isolate because depends on a suite ecological social in vectors hosts that may differ across species. Here we use the emerging tools cumulative pressure mapping machine learning better understand occurrence six medically important VBDs, differing ecology from sylvatic urban, respond multidimensional effects human pressure. We find not only footprint—an index pressure, incorporating built environments, energy transportation infrastructure, agricultural lands population density—an predictor VBD occurrence, there clear thresholds governing different VBDs. Across spectrum associated with lower including malaria, cutaneous leishmaniasis visceral leishmaniasis, give way high as dengue, chikungunya Zika. These heterogeneous VBDs highlight land-use transitions lead abrupt shifts infectious burdens public health needs.

Язык: Английский

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Next-Generation Plant-Based Foods: Challenges and Opportunities

Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1), С. 79 - 101

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2023

Owing to environmental, ethical, health, and safety concerns, there has been considerable interest in replacing traditional animal-sourced foods like meat, seafood, egg, dairy products with next-generation plant-based analogs that accurately mimic their properties. Numerous have already successfully introduced the market, but are still several challenges must be overcome before they adopted by more consumers. In this article, we review current status of science behind development highlight areas where further research is needed improve quality, increase variety, reduce cost, including improving ingredient performance, developing innovative processing methods, establishing structure-function relationships, nutritional profiles.

Язык: Английский

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Introduction of Vector-Borne Infections in Europe: Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Pathogens with Potential Impact on One Health

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1), С. 63 - 63

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2025

The rise and resurgence of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) in Europe pose an expanding public health challenge, exacerbated by climate change, globalization, ecological disruptions. Both arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) transmitted ticks such as Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever arboviruses mosquitoes like dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, Japanese encephalitis have broadened their distribution due to rising temperatures, changes rainfall, increased human mobility. By emphasizing the importance interconnected human, animal, environmental health, integrated One Health strategies are crucial addressing this complex issue. faces risk habitats disease-carrying organisms, spread new species Aedes albopictus since 2013, movement infected individuals between countries, leading European countries implement enhanced surveillance systems, awareness campaigns, prompt outbreak response strategies. However, lack both targeted antiviral therapies vaccines for many arboviruses, together with undetected or asymptomatic cases, hamper containment efforts. Therefore, it is important that combine modeling, disease surveillance, interventions address expected patterns global changes. This review explores Europe, highlighting historical context, current transmission dynamics, impact on health.

Язык: Английский

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Transgression of planetary boundaries and the effects on child health through an infectious diseases lens

Current Opinion in Pediatrics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 37(2), С. 124 - 136

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025

Life on earth, as we know it, is changing. The likelihood of more frequent pandemics and disease outbreaks something that current global healthcare infrastructure ill equipped to navigate. Human activity forcing our planet into a new geologic epoch, the Anthropocene, which typified by increased uncertainty resulting from human disruption earth's life-giving ecosystems. Plagues have always been unfortunate partners periods disruption, they will be again if frequency severity climate conflict-mediated disasters increase in coming years. If continue exceed degrade planetary boundaries protect health, children their reap consequences. Scientists defined nine 'safe operating' for life all its glorious diversity thrive earth. Recent evidence suggests six these already transgressed, but potential implications transgressions upon child health not well articulated. We highlight how contravention impact infectious risk humans' ability survive thrive. reflect specifically paediatricians are called speak up most vulnerable members species, young yet unborn future generations. Post COVID-19 initiatives improve pandemic preparedness response certainly warranted, prevention should include committed efforts safe boundaries. Willingly exceeding has deep moral consequences poorly articulated ethical frameworks. Paediatricians best placed develop champion neglected 'third dimension' medical ethics, recognizing imperative long-term interests

Язык: Английский

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Synthesizing the connections between environmental disturbances and zoonotic spillover

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 94(suppl 3)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Zoonotic spillover is a phenomenon characterized by the transfer of pathogens between different animal species. Most human emerging infectious diseases originate from non-human animals, and human-related environmental disturbances are driving forces emergence new pathogens. Synthesizing sequence basic events involved in important for guiding understanding, identification, description key aspects activities that can be changed to prevent outbreaks, epidemics, pandemics. This review synthesizes connections increased risk based on One Health perspective. Anthropogenic environment (e.g., deforestation, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss, wildlife exploitation) lead changes ecological niches, reduction dilution effect, contact humans other incidence load populations, alterations abiotic factors landscapes. These phenomena increase and, potentially, facilitate disease outbreaks. Using Brazil as study model, this brings discussion concerning anthropogenic Amazon region their potential impacts spread region.

Язык: Английский

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Leaf functional traits vary among growth forms and vegetation zones in the Himalaya

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 906, С. 167274 - 167274

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Diverging effects of host density and richness across biological scales drive diversity-disease outcomes

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 2, 2024

Abstract Understanding how biodiversity affects pathogen transmission remains an unresolved question due to the challenges in testing potential mechanisms natural systems and these vary across biological scales. By quantifying of entire guild parasites (larval trematodes) within 902 amphibian host communities, we show that community-level drivers infection depend critically on scale. At individual scale, increases richness led fewer per for all parasite taxa, with no effect or predator densities. community however, inhibitory effects were counteracted by associated total density, leading overall change Mechanistically, find while average competence declined increasing richness, remained stable additive assembly patterns. These results help reconcile disease-diversity debates empirically disentangling roles alternative ecological such

Язык: Английский

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