Exploring the plant microbiome: A pathway to climate-smart crops

Cell, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 188(6), С. 1469 - 1485

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Machine learning vs. empirical models: Estimating leaf wetness patterns in a wildland landscape for plant disease management

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 362, С. 110392 - 110392

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Electronic nose for detecting Colletotrichum coccodes causing anthracnose fruit rots in tomatoes

Smart Agricultural Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8, С. 100451 - 100451

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024

Electronic nose (EN) technology has several applications targeting various study areas, and food spoilage is one of these sections. This investigated the ability EN, with metal-oxide sensors (MOS), to sense presence Colletotrichum coccodes, which cause anthracnose fruit rots, on tomato distinguish between different stages doses infection. C. coccodes were identified by an appropriate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) program sequencing, using two primer sets: ITS1F/ITS4 Cc1F1/Cc2R1. Three intact homogeneous samples injected three concentrations conidial fungal suspension: 3×104, 3×105 3×106 conidia/ml, others kept as negative controls. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in analyzing data acquired from EN sensors. The results PCA showed that able detect pathogen at early (two days infection before any symptoms appear). Moreover, differentiate stages. In addition, infected sixth, eighth tenth clearly differentiated. use a promising technique for determining quality assurance control.

Язык: Английский

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Diversity inhibits foliar fungal diseases in grasslands: Potential mechanisms and temperature dependence

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Abstract A long‐standing debate exists among ecologists as to how diversity regulates infectious diseases (i.e., the nature of diversity‐disease relationships); a dilution effect refers when increasing host inhibits negative relationships). However, generality, strength, and potential mechanisms underlying relationships in natural ecosystems remain unclear. To this end, we conducted large‐scale survey 63 grassland sites across China explore relationships. We found widespread that were temperature‐dependent; non‐random loss played fundamental role driving these patterns. Our study provides field evidence for generality temperature dependence grasslands, becoming stronger colder regions, while also highlighting mechanism. These findings have important implications community ecology, disease epidemic control.

Язык: Английский

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Navigating Host Immunity and Concurrent Ozone Stress: Strain‐Resolved Metagenomics Reveals Maintenance of Intraspecific Diversity and Genetic Variation in Xanthomonas on Pepper

Evolutionary Applications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

The evolving threat of new pathogen variants in the face global environmental changes poses a risk to sustainable crop production. Predicting and responding how climate change affects plant-pathosystems is challenging, as environment host-pathogen interactions from molecular community level, with eco-evolutionary feedbacks at play. To address this knowledge gap, we studied short-term within-host pathogen, Xanthomonas perforans, on resistant susceptible pepper open-top chambers (OTCs) under elevated Ozone (O3) conditions single growing season. We observed increased disease severity greater variance cultivar O3, yet no apparent cultivar. Despite dominance genotype cultivar, supported heterogeneous population. Altered O3 levels led strain turnover, relatively gene flux Both standing genetic variation de novo parallel mutations contributed toward evolutionary modifications during adaptation onto presence however, higher polymorphism, random transient mutations. Population heterogeneity along variation, promotion interdependency are mechanisms by which responds stressors. While may provide clues predicting long-term evolution adaptive potential. And, high proportion suggest less predictable climatic alterations. This relevant study emergence constraints underlying shifts.

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of Weather Anomalies and Climate on Plant Disease

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 28(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Predicting the effects of climate change on plant disease is critical for protecting ecosystems and food production. Here, we show how pressure responds to short‐term weather, historical weather anomalies by compiling a global database (4339 plant–disease populations) prevalence in both agricultural wild systems. We hypothesised that would play larger role versus populations, which results supported. In systems, peaked when temperature was 2.7°C warmer than average same time year. also found evidence negative interactive effect between consistent with idea maladaptation can be an important driver outbreaks. Temperature precipitation had relatively little explanatory power though observed significant positive current temperature. These indicate plants sensitive nonlinear their interaction climate. contrast, temperatures drove risks outbreaks within range examined regardless climate, suggesting vulnerability ongoing change.

Язык: Английский

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Fast‐growing annual plants drive disease spillover in multi‐host communities

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

Abstract Emerging infectious plant diseases threaten natural, agricultural and urban systems. Predicting pathogen spillover from one host species to another can reduce disease impacts, but traditional compartment models poorly explain because plants often experience localized rather than systemic disease. Thus, the amount of infection should be tracked within each individual, characterizing a as infected or uninfected. Additionally, annual grow complete their life cycle on timescales comparable progression, thereby creating potential for feedbacks between tissue growth spread that could important spillover. We hypothesized that, two differ in individual‐level rates share pathogen, faster‐growing supports higher levels spill onto, negatively affect, slower‐growing host. This prediction follows classical apparent competition theory which prey with high intrinsic sustain greater predator abundances, then suppress other, slower‐growing, community. explored whether this applies sharing pathogens by developing an intra‐annual host–pathogen model tracking size structure of, degree in, hosts. asked how alter reservoir focal species, amplification dilution communities. found individuals supported greatest loads compared individuals, yet they experienced smaller pathogen‐driven reductions end‐of‐season biomass. Consistent predictions, caused declines biomass when was fast‐growing slow‐growing. In communities both fast slow‐growing hosts generally diluted disease, while faster amplified it. Synthesis . The predicts are likely impact reservoirs amplify multi‐host Slower‐growing bear via reduced factor driving outcomes

Язык: Английский

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Similarities and Differences Among Factors Affecting Complex Declines of Quercus spp., Olea europea, and Actinidia chinensis

Horticulturae, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(3), С. 325 - 325

Опубликована: Март 16, 2025

The decline of perennial plant species, including oak, olive, and kiwifruit, is a phenomenon currently observed in many areas the world. In this review, such species are chosen precisely because, despite differences their botany, native distribution, current utilization, they all affected by significant global or local declines. An analysis main common causes involved could be useful for better understanding phenomenon. Quercus impacted “Chronic Oak Decline” (COD), “Sudden (SOD), “Acute (AOD). Italy, olive groves severely damaged “Olive Quick Decline Syndrome”, whereas kiwifruit orchards struck “Kiwifruit Vine Syndrome” (KVDS). Among abiotic inciting stressors, drought, warmer temperatures, waterlogging, within climate change scenario, declines described herein as well dysbiosis. involvement some aggressive phytopathogens another feature these Oomycetes contribute to COD, SOD, KVDS; Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca Botryosphaeriaceae affect enterobacteria AOD, representing decisive contributing factors. These quite complex, comprehensive approach required dissect facets involved. A altered host–microbial community relationships can lead more tailored managing Maintaining tree resilience Earth remains primary goal achieve preserving both natural ecosystems profitable crops.

Язык: Английский

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Evaluation of the Safety of Fenbuconazole Monomers via Enantioselective Toxicokinetics, Molecular Docking and Enantiomer Conversion Analyses

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025

Fenbuconazole, a chiral triazole fungicide, is produced and used as racemate. Previous toxicological research on fenbuconazole in nontarget organisms primarily the racemate, necessitating an investigation into each enantiomer's distribution elimination for safety assessment. In this study, absolute configurations of enantiomers were first confirmed by ECD, designating them S-(+)-fenbuconazole R-(-)-fenbuconazole based their optical activity. The UHPLC-QQQ/MS method was selected to systematically study toxicokinetics enantiomer conversion mice. results revealed significant enantioselectivity, with exhibiting 15.11 times higher AUC0-∞ than R-(-)-fenbuconazole, indicating greater blood absorption. experiment involving 14 examined tissues, consistently exceeded levels, except stomach. Notably, concentration liver second only stomach 4.35 suggesting propensity hepatic accumulation. Molecular docking studies further demonstrated stronger interaction between CYP2B enzyme liver, implying hepatotoxic potential. Both rarely excreted urine or feces, cumulative excretion rate below 2.5‰. Enantiomer occurred unidirectionally (R → S) mice, rates generally low most tissue. Thus, enantiomeric not primary factor driving enantioselectivity. summary, exhibited poor absorption, limited distribution, weak enzyme, which may be considered low-risk product that could guide monomer development promote reduction pesticide usage.

Язык: Английский

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Foliar fungal pathogen inhibition increases ecosystem carbon sequestration independently of nitrogen enrichment in a Tibetan alpine meadow

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2025

Abstract Anthropogenically caused nitrogen (N) enrichment may stimulate both photosynthetic carbon (C) fixation and infection of foliar pathogens. However, the interactive effects N input fungal pathogens on ecosystem C cycling are poorly understood. Using a 6‐year field experiment with fungicide application in Tibetan alpine meadow, we examined how influence sequestration independently combination, possibly resulting interactions between Nitrogen increased gross productivity (GEP) respiration (ER) through increasing plant biomass content but did not affect net (NEP). Fungicide GEP NEP by relieving pathogen ER, sequestration. no significant were detected. Synthesis . These results indicate that critical biotic factors influencing ecosystems independent input. This study emphasizes important role regulating functions.

Язык: Английский

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