Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
121(45)
Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2024
Reverse-transcribing
animal
DNA
viruses
include
the
hepadnaviruses,
a
well-characterized
family
of
small
enveloped
that
infect
vertebrates
but
also
sister
group
nonenveloped
more
recently
discovered
in
fish
and
termed
nackednaviruses.
Here,
we
describe
complete
sequence
virus
found
feces
an
insectivorous
bat,
which
encodes
core
protein
reverse
transcriptase
no
envelope
protein.
A
database
search
identified
viral
from
permafrost
sample
as
its
closest
relative.
The
two
form
cluster
occupies
basal
phylogenetic
position
relative
to
hepadnaviruses
nackednaviruses,
with
estimated
divergence
time
500
My.
These
findings
may
lead
definition
"proto-nackednavirus"
support
hypothesis
ancestors
were
nonenveloped.
Journal of Virology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
98(6)
Опубликована: Май 24, 2024
The
production
of
aquatic
animals
has
more
than
doubled
over
the
last
50
years
and
is
anticipated
to
continually
increase.
While
fish
are
recognized
as
a
valuable
sustainable
source
nutrition,
particularly
in
context
human
population
growth
climate
change,
rapid
expansion
aquaculture
coincides
with
emergence
highly
pathogenic
viruses
that
often
spread
globally
through
aquacultural
practices.
Here,
we
provide
an
overview
virome
its
relevance
for
disease
emergence,
focus
on
insights
gained
metagenomic
sequencing,
noting
potential
areas
future
study.
In
particular,
describe
diversity
evolution
viruses,
which
majority
have
no
known
associations,
demonstrate
how
emerge
populations,
most
notably
at
expanding
domestic-wild
interface.
We
also
show
wild
powerful
tractable
model
system
study
virus
ecology
broadly
can
be
used
identify
major
factors
shape
vertebrate
viromes.
Central
this
process
virus-host
co-divergence
proceeds
many
millions
years,
combined
ongoing
cross-species
transmission.
The Astrophysical Journal Letters,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
979(1), С. L18 - L18
Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025
Abstract
The
Earth
sits
inside
a
300
pc-wide
void
that
was
carved
by
series
of
supernova
explosions
went
off
tens
millions
years
ago,
pushing
away
interstellar
gas
and
creating
bubble-like
structure.
60
Fe
peak
deposits
found
in
the
deep-sea
crust
have
been
interpreted
imprints
left
ejecta
occurring
about
2–3
5–6
Myr
ago.
It
is
likely
at
originated
from
Upper
Centaurus
Lupus
association
Scorpius
(≈140
pc)
or
Tucana-Horologium
(≈70
pc),
whereas
≈5–6
attributed
to
solar
system's
entrance
into
bubble.
In
this
Letter,
we
show
source
responsible
for
synthesizing
≈2–3
ago
can
consistently
explain
cosmic-ray
spectrum
large-scale
anisotropy
between
100
TeV
PeV.
knee
could
then
potentially
be
entirely
single
nearby
“PeVatron”
source.
Matching
intensity
shape
allows
us
place
stringent
constraints
on
energy
content
as
well
diffusion
coefficient.
Making
use
such
constraints,
provide
robust
estimate
temporal
variation
terrestrial
ionizing
cosmic
radiation
levels
discuss
their
implications
development
early
life
plausibly
influencing
mutation
rate
and,
such,
conceivably
assisting
evolution
complex
organisms.
BMC Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
24(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024
Abstract
Background
New
Zealand
is
home
to
over
120
native
endemic
species
of
skinks
and
geckos
that
radiated
the
last
20–40
million
years,
likely
driven
by
exploitation
diverse
habitats
formed
during
Miocene.
The
recent
radiation
animal
hosts
may
facilitate
cross-species
virus
transmission,
reflecting
their
close
genetic
relationships
therefore
relatively
low
barriers
for
viruses
emerge
in
new
hosts.
Conversely,
as
adapt
niches,
even
within
specific
geographic
locations,
so
too
could
viruses.
Consequently,
animals
have
niche-specialised
following
radiations
be
expected
harbour
genetically
distinct
Through
a
metatranscriptomic
analysis
eight
Zealand’s
skink
gecko
species,
well
only
introduced
lizard
rainbow
(
Lampropholis
delicata
),
we
aimed
reveal
diversity
these
determine
whether
how
has
impacted
evolution.
Results
We
identified
total
15
novel
reptilian
spanning
11
different
viral
families,
across
seven
nine
sampled.
Notably,
detected
no
host-switching
among
analysed,
between
those
sampled
from
same
location.
This
compatible
with
idea
host
speciation
resulted
isolated,
niche-constrained
populations
prevented
transmission.
Using
protein
structural
similarity-based
approach,
further
highly
divergent
bunya-like
potentially
family
Bunyavirales
.
Conclusions
study
broadened
our
understanding
illustrates
niche
adaptation
limit
viral-host
interactions.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025
The
“Old
Friends
Hypothesis”
suggests
insufficient
exposure
to
symbionts
hinders
immune
development,
contributing
increased
immune-related
diseases
in
the
Global
North.
microbiome
is
often
focus;
helminths,
potentially
also
offering
health
benefits,
lack
attention.
Infection
and
effect
of
helminths
are
influenced
perhaps
determined
by
micro-organisms.
Mechanisms
behind
parasite-microbiome
interactions
poorly
understood,
despite
implications
on
host
health.
These
typically
studied
for
single
helminth
species
laboratory
animal
models,
overlooking
diversity.
Reviewing
research
relationships
between
microbial
diversity
yielded
27
publications;
most
focused
human
or
other
mammalian
hosts,
relying
natural
rather
than
experimental
inoculation.
Only
about
half
investigated
outcomes.
Remaining
knowledge
gaps
warrant
considering
additional
candidate
model
systems.
Given
high
helminthiasis
burden
we
propose
seeking
models
South,
where
a
considerable
proportion
aspects
helminth-microbiome
took
place.
Low
availability
genomic
resources
however,
necessitates
more
integrative
helminthological
efforts.
substantial
similarities
systems,
several
fishes
health/disease.
More
effort
could
be
done
establish
this
cichlids,
whose
representatives
African
Great
Lakes
provide
well-delineated,
closed
system
relevant
view
fish-borne
zoonoses
water-borne
parasites.
A
good
baseline
exists
these
cichlids’
genomics,
parasitology,
microbiology.
We
suggest
exploring
Lake
cichlids
as
hosts
diversity,
Viruses,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(5), С. 679 - 679
Опубликована: Май 6, 2025
Chapparvoviruses
(ChPVs)
comprise
a
divergent
lineage
of
the
Parvoviridae
ssDNA
virus
family
and
evolved
to
infect
vertebrate
animals
independently
from
Parvovirinae
subfamily.
Despite
being
pathogenic
widespread
in
environmental
samples
metagenomic
assemblies,
their
structural
characterization
has
proven
challenging.
Here,
we
report
first
analysis
ChPV,
represented
by
fish
pathogen,
Syngnathus
scovelli
chapparvovirus
(SsChPV).
We
show
through
SsChPV
structure
that
harbors
surface
morphology,
subunit
structure,
multimer
interactions
are
unique
among
parvoviruses.
The
capsid
threefold-related
depression
α-helices
is
analogous
β-annulus
pore
denso-
hamaparvoviruses
may
play
role
monomer
oligomerization
during
assembly.
As
interacting
β-strands
absent
twofold
symmetry
axis,
viral
particle
lacks
typical
stability
resilience
parvovirus
capsids.
Although
all
parvoviruses
thus
far
rely
on
threading
large,
flexible
N-terminal
domains
for
intracellular
trafficking,
our
results
ChPVs
completely
lack
any
such
sequences.
This
led
subsequent
degradation
fivefold
channel,
site
N-terminus
externalization.
These
findings
suggest
harbor
an
infectious
pathway
significantly
deviates
rest
Parvoviridae.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2024
Abstract
Group
VII
of
the
Baltimore
classification
comprises
reverse-transcribing,
non-integrated
DNA
viruses,
also
known
as
pararetroviruses.
These
include
hepadnaviruses,
a
family
small
enveloped
viruses
that
infect
vertebrates,
but
sister
non-enveloped
fish
nackednaviruses.
Here
we
describe
complete
sequence
new
pararetrovirus
found
in
feces
an
insectivorous
bat.
This
virus
encodes
core
protein
and
reverse
transcriptase
no
envelope
protein.
A
database
search
identified
viral
from
permafrost
sample
its
closest
relative.
The
two
form
cluster
occupies
basal
phylogenetic
position
relative
to
hepadnaviruses
nackednaviruses,
with
estimated
divergence
time
500
million
years.
findings
may
lead
definition
support
hypothesis
ancestral
animal
pararetroviruses
were
non-enveloped.
Archives of Virology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
169(4)
Опубликована: Март 28, 2024
Abstract
The
fishing
and
aquaculture
industry
is
vital
for
global
food
security,
yet
viral
diseases
can
result
in
mass
fish
die-off
events.
Determining
the
viromes
of
traditionally
understudied
species,
such
as
fish,
enhances
our
understanding
virosphere
factors
that
influence
virome
composition
disease
emergence.
Very
little
known
about
viruses
present
New
Zealand’s
native
including
shortfin
eel
(
Anguilla
australis
)
longfin
dieffenbachii
),
both
which
are
fished
culturally
by
Māori
(the
indigenous
population
Zealand)
commercially.
Through
a
total
RNA
metatranscriptomic
analysis
eels
across
three
different
geographic
locations
South
Island
Zealand,
we
aimed
to
determine
whether
had
jumped
between
two
species
was
impacted
life
stage,
location.
We
identified
nine
spanning
eight
families,
thereby
enhancing
virus
diversity
Zealand
host
range
these
families.
Viruses
family
Flaviviridae
(genus
Hepacivirus
were
widespread
found
eels,
indicative
cross-species
transmission
or
virus-host
co-divergence.
Notably,
specificity
location
appeared
composition,
highlighting
complex
interaction
viruses,
hosts,
their
ecosystems.
This
study
broadens
aquatic
hosts
highlights
importance
gaining
baseline
knowledge
abundance
diversity,
particularly
facing
declines.
Viruses,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(6), С. 824 - 824
Опубликована: Май 22, 2024
The
alewife
(Alosa
pseudoharengus)
is
an
anadromous
herring
that
inhabits
waters
of
northeastern
North
America.
This
prey
species
a
critical
forage
for
piscivorous
birds,
mammals,
and
fishes
in
estuarine
oceanic
ecosystems.
During
discovery
project
tailored
to
identify
potentially
emerging
pathogens
this
species,
we
obtained
the
full
genome
novel
hepadnavirus
(ApHBV)
from
clinically
normal
alewives
collected
Maurice
River,
Great
Egg
Harbor
Delaware
River
New
Jersey,
USA
during
2015–2018.
previously
undescribed
contained
circular
DNA
3146
nucleotides.
Phylogenetic
analysis
polymerase
protein
placed
virus
clade
metahepadnaviruses
(family:
Hepadnaviridae;
genus:
Metahepadnavirus).
There
was
no
evidence
pathology
internal
organs
infected
fish
virions
were
not
observed
liver
tissues
by
electron
microscopy.
We
developed
Taqman-based
quantitative
(qPCR)
assay
screened
182
individuals
between
2015
2018
detected
additional
qPCR
positives
(n
=
6).
An
complete
it
has
99.4%
nucleotide
identity
first
virus.
Single-nucleotide
polymorphisms
two
genomes,
including
7/9
12/8
synonymous
vs
nonsynonymous
mutations
across
surface
proteins,
respectively.
While
there
associated
with
disease
are
migratory
interjurisdictional
management
concern.
Identification
microbial
agents
using
de
novo
sequencing
other
advanced
technologies
aspect
understanding
ecology
informed
population
management.
Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024
Abstract
Background
Reef
fishes
account
for
one-third
of
all
extant
marine
and
exhibit
enormous
biodiversity
within
a
highly
interactive
ecosystem.
Despite
this,
relatively
little
is
known
about
the
diversity
evolution
microbial
species
(bacteria,
viruses,
eukaryotes)
associated
with
reef
fish,
even
though
this
may
provide
valuable
insights
into
factors
that
shape
communities
vertebrate
hosts
as
well
extent
pattern
cross-species
transmission.
Results
Through
metatranscriptomic
sequencing
we
characterised
bacteria,
single-celled
eukaryotes
from
126
fish
inhabiting
Lizard
Island
Orpheus
on
Great
Barrier
Reef,
Australia.
We
assessed
whether
differed
between
islands
are
separated
by
approximately
450
kilometres,
to
what
viruses
were
able
emerge
in
new
hosts.
Notably,
despite
strong
ecological
interactions
environment,
presence
same
families
subfamilies
bacteria
both
islands,
there
was
minimal
evidence
transmission
individual
microorganisms
among
species.
An
exception
high
prevalence
opportunistic
bacterial
pathogen
Photobacterium
damselae
apparently
healthy
cardinalfishes
indicating
these
natural
reservoirs
system.
Conclusions
These
data
suggest
have
microbial-host
associations
arose
prior
formation
leading
host
barriers
hence
infectious
disease
emergence,
species-rich
environment.
Abstract
Antarctica
harbours
some
of
the
most
isolated
and
extreme
environments
on
Earth,
concealing
a
largely
unexplored
unique
component
global
animal
virosphere.
To
understand
diversity
evolutionary
histories
viruses
in
these
polar
species,
we
determined
viromes
gill
metatranscriptomes
from
11
Antarctic
fish
species
with
248
samples
collected
Ross
Sea
region
spanning
Perciformes,
Gadiformes,
Scorpaeniformes
orders.
The
continent’s
shift
southward
cooling
temperatures
>20
million
years
ago
led
to
reduction
biodiversity
subsequent
radiation
marine
fauna,
such
as
notothenioid
fishes.
Despite
decreased
host
richness
regions,
revealed
surprisingly
complex
virome
fish,
types
numbers
per
individuals
sampled
comparable
that
warmer
higher
community
diversity.
We
also
observed
number
closely
related
likely
representing
instances
recent
historic
host-switching
events
among
Perciformes
(all
notothenioids)
than
suggesting
rapid
speciation
within
this
order
generated
few
genetic
barriers
cross-species
transmission.
Additionally,
identified
novel
genomic
variation
an
arenavirus
split
nucleoprotein
sequence
containing
stable
helical
structure,
indicating
potential
adaptation
viral
proteins
temperatures.
These
findings
enhance
our
understanding
virus
evolution
virus-host
interactions
response
environmental
shifts,
especially
less
diverse
ecosystems
are
more
vulnerable
impacts
anthropogenic
climate
changes.