Limitations of two time point data for understanding individual differences in longitudinal modeling — What can difference reveal about change?

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 66, С. 101353 - 101353

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024

Emerging neuroimaging studies investigating changes in the brain aim to collect sufficient data points examine trajectories of change across key developmental periods. Yet, current are often constrained by number time available now. We demonstrate that these constraints should be taken seriously and with two focus on particular questions (e.g., group-level or intervention effects), while complex individual differences investigations into causes consequences those deferred until additional can incorporated models change. generated underlying longitudinal fit 2, 3, 4, 5 1000 samples. While fixed effects could recovered average even few points, recovery was particularly poor for point model, correlating at r = 0.41 true parameters - meaning scores share only 16.8% variance As expected, more growth parameter accurately; yet three model still low, around 0.57. argue preliminary analyses early subsets difference addressed samples maximize available. conclude recommendations researchers using models, including ideas preregistration, careful interpretation 2 results, treating as dynamic, where findings updated information becomes

Язык: Английский

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Leveraging multivariate approaches to advance the science of early-life adversity

Child Abuse & Neglect, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 106754 - 106754

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Dimensions of Early-Life Adversity Are Differentially Associated With Patterns of Delayed and Accelerated Brain Maturation

Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 97(1), С. 64 - 72

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2024

BackgroundDifferent types of early-life adversity have been associated with children's brain structure and function. However, understanding the disparate influence distinct exposures on developing remains a major challenge.MethodsThis study investigates neural correlates 10 robust dimensions identified through exploratory factor analysis in large community sample youth from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. age models were trained, validated, tested separately T1-weighted (T1; N = 9524), diffusion tensor (DTI; 8834), resting-state functional (rs-fMRI; 8233) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data two time points (mean 10.7 years, SD 1.2, range 8.9-13.8 years).ResultsBayesian multilevel modelling supported associations between different younger- older-looking brains. Dimensions generally related to emotional neglect, such as lack primary secondary caregiver support, supervision, lower gaps (BAGs), i.e., younger-looking In contrast, psychopathology, trauma exposure, family aggression, substance use separation biological parent, socio-economic disadvantage neighbourhood safety higher BAGs, brains.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that are differentially neurodevelopmental patterns, indicative dimension-specific delayed accelerated maturation.

Язык: Английский

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How adverse childhood experiences get under the skin: A systematic review, integration and methodological discussion on threat and reward learning mechanisms

eLife, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2024

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a major risk factor for the development of multiple psychopathological conditions, but mechanisms underlying this link poorly understood. Associative learning encompasses key through which individuals learn to important environmental inputs emotional and behavioral responses. ACEs may impact normative maturation associative processes, resulting in their enduring maladaptive expression manifesting psychopathology. In review, we lay out systematic methodological overview integration available evidence proposed association between threat reward processes. We summarize results from literature search (following PRISMA guidelines) yielded total 81 articles (threat: n=38, reward: n=43). Across fields, behaviorally, observed converging pattern aberrant with history ACEs, independent other sample characteristics, specific ACE types, outcome measures. Specifically, blunted was reflected reduced discrimination safety cues, primarily driven by diminished responding conditioned cues. Furthermore, attenuated manifested accuracy rate tasks involving acquisition contingencies. Importantly, emerged despite substantial heterogeneity assessment operationalization across both fields. conclude that represent mechanistic route become physiologically neurobiologically embedded ultimately confer greater closing, discuss potentially fruitful future directions research field, including considerations.

Язык: Английский

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Machine learning for identifying caregiving adversities associated with greatest risk for mental health problems in children

Nature Mental Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Early Life Stress and Pubertal Predictors of Subsequent Substance Use in a National Diverse Sample of Adolescents: Sex and Substance Type Matter

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 268, С. 112551 - 112551

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

Early life stress (ELS) increases the risk of substance use disorder (SUD) in adulthood. The pathway from ELS to SUD is hypothesized be influenced by sex. We examine impact on adolescent first use, a common precursor adult SUDs, and test for sex differences relationship between alcohol, nicotine, marijuana. Individuals Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (ABCD; N = 8608 US children aged 9-10 at baseline) were assessed multiple measures (Environmental, Family, Trauma), covariates (race/ethnicity, age months baseline, pubertal development score), use. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed total population stratified sex, generating adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) One unit increase Total scores significantly increased aHRs all substances. Dimensional analysis revealed associations with that differed across type ELS, substance. Females higher Environmental display significant substances, while males Trauma showed nicotine marijuana Findings highlight association illustrating consistency Family risk. Existing family-based prevention intervention strategies should consider addressing protection.

Язык: Английский

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Growing Up Together in Society (GUTS): A team science effort to predict societal trajectories in adolescence and young adulthood

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 67, С. 101403 - 101403

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Our society faces a great diversity of opportunities for youth. The 10-year Growing Up Together in Society (GUTS) program has the long-term goal to understand which combination measures best predict societal trajectories, such as school success, mental health, well-being, and developing sense belonging society. leading hypothesis is that self-regulation key how adolescents successfully navigate demands contemporary We aim test these questions using socio-economic, questionnaire (including experience sampling methods), behavioral, brain (fMRI, sMRI, EEG), hormonal, genetic four large cohorts including young adults. Two are designed replication developmental trajectory self-regulation, different socioeconomic status thereby bridging individual, family, perspectives. third cohort consists an entire social network examine neural self-regulatory development influences influenced by whom adults choose interact with. fourth includes youth with early signs antisocial delinquent behavior patterns individuals at extreme ends participation, examines pathways into out delinquency. will complement newly collected data from existing large-scale population-based case-control cohorts. study embedded transdisciplinary approach engages stakeholders throughout design stage, strong focus on citizen science participation design, collection, interpretation results, ensure optimal translation

Язык: Английский

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Probing the content of affective semantic memory following caregiving‐related early adversity

Developmental Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

Cognitive science has demonstrated that we construct knowledge about the world by abstracting patterns from routinely encountered experiences and storing them as semantic memories. This preregistered study tested hypothesis caregiving-related early adversities (crEAs) shape affective memories to reflect content of those adverse interpersonal-affective experiences. We also because may continue evolve in response later-occurring positive experiences, child-perceived attachment security will inform their content. The sample comprised 160 children (ages 6-12 at Visit 1; 87F/73 M), 66% whom experienced crEAs (n = 105). At 1, crEA exposure prior enrollment was operationalized parental-reports endorsing a history (abuse/neglect, permanent/significant parent-child separation); while child-reports assessed concurrent security. A false memory task administered online ∼2.5 years later (Visit 2) probe memories-specifically schemas. Results showed (vs. no exposure) associated with higher likelihood falsely insecure secure) schema scenes. Attachment moderated association between schema-based recognition. Findings suggest schemas include representations interactions capture quality one's own these how remember attachment-relevant narrative events. are consistent can be modified Moving forward, approach taken this provides means operationalizing Bowlby's notion internal working models within cognitive neuroscience framework. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Affective representing (child needs + needs-not-met) more salient, elaborated, persistent among youths exposed caregiving adversity. All youths, irrespective adversity exposure, possess represent secure needs-met). Establishing relationships parents following early-occurring attenuate expression memories, suggesting potential malleability.

Язык: Английский

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Dimensions of perinatal and childhood adversities both merge and remain distinct

Child Abuse & Neglect, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 161, С. 107274 - 107274

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Early-life stress sensitizes response to future stress: Evidence and mechanisms

Neurobiology of Stress, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 35, С. 100716 - 100716

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Early-life stress sensitizes individuals to additional stressors and increases lifetime risk for mood anxiety disorders. Research in both human populations rodent models of early-life have sought determine how different types contribute vulnerability, whether there are developmental sensitive periods such effects. Although differences the type timing paradigms led specific behavioral outcomes, this complexity is present among humans as well. Robust research now shows sensitivity future at behavioral, neural circuit, molecular levels. These recent discoveries laying foundation translation more effective interventions relevant those who experienced childhood trauma.

Язык: Английский

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