High Rates of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Association with Conspiracy Beliefs: A Study in Jordan and Kuwait among Other Arab Countries

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(1), С. 42 - 42

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2021

Vaccination could be an effective strategy for slowing the spread of current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy pose a serious problem COVID-19 prevention, due to misinformation surrounding ongoing The aim this study was assess attitudes towards prospective vaccines among general public in Jordan, Kuwait and other Arab countries. We also aimed association between vaccine acceptance conspiracy beliefs. This used online survey distributed December 2020, with items assessing conspiracies regarding COVID-19’s origin vaccination. Attitudes were assessed using Conspiracy Belief Scale (VCBS), higher scores indicating greater belief conspiracy. A total 3414 respondents completed survey, majority being residents Jordan (n = 2173, 63.6%), 771, 22.6%) Saudi Arabia 154, 4.5%). rates influenza 29.4% 30.9%, respectively. Males, educational levels those histories chronic had acceptance. Beliefs that are intended inject microchips into recipients related infertility found 27.7% 23.4% respondents, Higher VCBS females, lower relying on social media platforms as main source information. high Kuwait, countries, alarming. They hinder proper control region. harmful effect beliefs manifested hesitancy. may represent massive obstacle successful reliance information about associated should alert governments, policy makers importance vigilant fact checking.

Язык: Английский

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Age-dependent Immune Response to the Biontech/Pfizer BNT162b2 Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 73(11), С. 2065 - 2072

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2021

Abstract Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has led to the development of various vaccines. Real-life data on immune responses elicited in most vulnerable group vaccinees older than age 80 years old are still underrepresented despite prioritization elderly vaccination campaigns. Methods We conducted a cohort study with groups, young below 60 and over years, compare their antibody first second dose BNT162b2 disease 2019 vaccination. Results Although majority participants both groups produced specific immunoglobulin G titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, were significantly lower participants. increment levels after immunization was higher participants, absolute mean titer this remained <60 group. After vaccination, 31.3% had no detectable neutralizing antibodies contrast younger group, which only 2.2% antibodies. Conclusions Our showed differences between raised particular frequencies This suggests that population needs be closely monitored may require earlier revaccination and/or an increased vaccine ensure stronger long-lasting immunity protection infection.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Based on the Spike Glycoprotein and Implications of New Viral Variants

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2021

Coronavirus 19 Disease (COVID-19) originating in the province of Wuhan, China 2019, is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), whose infection humans causes mild or clinical manifestations that mainly affect system. So far, COVID-19 has more than million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 contains Spike (S) glycoprotein on its surface, which main target for current vaccine development because antibodies directed against this protein can neutralize infection. Companies and academic institutions have developed vaccines based S glycoprotein, as well antigenic domains epitopes, been proven effective generating neutralizing antibodies. However, emergence new variants could effectiveness vaccines. Here, we review different types designed SARS-CoV-2, placing emphasis whether they are complete such receptor-binding domain (RBD) short epitopes within glycoprotein. We also discuss possible these emerging variants.

Язык: Английский

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Global emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Impacts, challenges and strategies

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(1), С. 4 - 14

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2022

Newly emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are continuously posing high global public health concerns and panic resulting in waves disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Depending on the extent genomic variations, mutations adaptation, few gain ability to spread quickly across many countries, acquire higher virulency cause disease, morbidity mortality. These have been implicated lessening efficacy current COVID-19 vaccines immunotherapies break-through viral infections vaccinated individuals recovered patients. Altogether, these could hinder protective herd immunity be achieved through ongoing progressive vaccination. Currently, only variant interest SARS-CoV-2 is Omicron that was first identified South Africa. In this review, we present overview with a special focus variant, its lineages hybrid variants. We discuss hypotheses origin, genetic change underlying molecular mechanism behind transmissibility immune escape variant. Major related including available immunotherapeutics vaccines, transmissibility, severity, mortality discussed. last part, challenges strategies counter amid pandemic presented.

Язык: Английский

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Modeling vaccination rollouts, SARS-CoV-2 variants and the requirement for non-pharmaceutical interventions in Italy

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(6), С. 993 - 998

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2021

Despite the progress in medical care, combined population-wide interventions (such as physical distancing, testing and contact tracing) are still crucial to manage SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, aggravated by emergence of new highly transmissible variants. We combine compartmental SIDARTHE model, predicting course COVID-19 infections, with a data-based model that projects cases onto casualties healthcare system costs. Based on Italian case study, we outline several scenarios: mass vaccination campaigns different paces, transmission rates due variants, enforced countermeasures, including alternation opening closure phases. Our results demonstrate non-pharmaceutical (NPIs) have higher impact epidemic evolution than vaccination, which advocates for need keep containment measures place throughout campaign. also show that, if intermittent open-close strategies adopted, deaths costs can be drastically reduced, without any aggravation socioeconomic losses, long one has foresight start closing phase rather an one.

Язык: Английский

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Low COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Is Correlated with Conspiracy Beliefs among University Students in Jordan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 18(5), С. 2407 - 2407

Опубликована: Март 1, 2021

Vaccination to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a promising measure overcome the negative consequences of pandemic. Since university students could be considered knowledgeable group, this study aimed evaluate COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among group in Jordan. Additionally, we examine association between conspiracy beliefs and hesitancy. We used an online survey conducted January 2021 with chain-referral sampling approach. Conspiracy were evaluated using validated Vaccine Belief Scale (VCBS), higher scores implying embrace conspiracies. A total 1106 respondents completed female predominance (n = 802, 72.5%). The intention get vaccines was low: 34.9% (yes) compared 39.6% (no) 25.5% (maybe). Higher rates seen males (42.1%) at Health Schools (43.5%). Low rate influenza well (28.8%), addition 18.6% being anti-vaccination altogether. significantly VCBS score correlated reluctance (p < 0.001). Dependence on social media platforms associated lower (19.8%) dependence medical doctors, scientists, scientific journals (47.2%, p results showed high prevalence hesitancy its implementation targeted actions increase awareness such is highly recommended. This includes educational programs dismantle campaigns build recognition safety efficacy vaccines.

Язык: Английский

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COVID‐19 vaccine‐associated immune thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (VITT): Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for a new syndrome

European Journal Of Haematology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 107(2), С. 173 - 180

Опубликована: Май 14, 2021

Very rare cases of thrombosis associated with thrombocytopenia have occurred following the vaccination AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. The aim this concise review is to summarize current knowledge on epidemiologic and pathogenic mechanisms syndrome named vaccine-associated immune (VITT). A practical patient management section will also be dealt using information available from national international scientific societies as well expert panels. literature search VITT was carried out in PubMed appropriate MeSH headings. Overall, 40 been reported. Continuous pharmacovigilance monitoring needed collect more data real incidence pathogenesis syndrome. Such help us optimize but often clinically severe thrombotic condition vaccination.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms of Immunothrombosis in Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT) Compared to Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Journal of Autoimmunity, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 121, С. 102662 - 102662

Опубликована: Май 19, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Pathogenesis of Multiple Organ Injury in COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2021

Severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, formerly 2019-nCoV) is a novel that has rapidly disseminated worldwide, causing the 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As of January 6th, 2021, there were over 86 million global confirmed cases, and claimed 1.87 lives (a ∼2.2% case fatality rate). SARS-CoV-2 able to infect human cells by binding its spike (S) protein angiotensin-conversing enzyme (ACE2), which expressed abundantly in several cell types tissues. ACE2 extensive biological activities as component renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays pivotal role counter-regulator angiotensin II (Ang II) activity converting latter Ang (1-7). Virion for host entry leads internalization both via endocytosis, well activation ADAM17/TACE, resulting downregulation loss protective actions lungs other organs. Although COVID-19 was initially described purely disease, it now known infected individuals can progress multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In fact, all structures express are susceptible infection and/or downstream effects reduced levels, namely systemic inflammation injury. this review, we aim summarize major features biology current understanding pathogenesis, clinical repercussions lung, heart, kidney, bowel, liver, brain. We also highlight potential therapeutic targets efforts identify safe effective therapies against life-threatening condition.

Язык: Английский

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Psychological Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Healthcare Workers in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the 5C and Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scales

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(7), С. 701 - 701

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2021

Acceptance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination appears as a decisive factor necessary to control the ongoing pandemic. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are among highest risk groups for infection. The current study aimed evaluate COVID-19 vaccine acceptance HCWs in Kuwait, with identification psychological determinants hesitancy. was conducted using an online anonymous survey distributed between 18 March 2021 and 29 2021. sampling strategy convenience-based depending on chain-referral sampling. Psychological were assessed 5C subscales Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scale (VCBS). total number participants 1019, largest group being physicians (28.7%), pharmacists (20.2%), dentists (16.7%), nurses (12.5%). overall rate 83.3%, 9.0% who not willing accept 7.7% unsure. seen (91.2%) (90.4%), while lowest (70.1%; p < 0.001). A higher level hesitancy found females, lower educational level, private sector. preference mRNA technology Pfizer-BioNTech majority (62.6% 69.7%, respectively). significantly linked embrace conspiracy beliefs. predictors high levels collective responsibility confidence, constraints calculation. VCBS (except calculation subscale) showed acceptable predicting based receiver operating characteristic analyses. depended social media platforms, TV programs, news releases their main sources knowledge about vaccines rates An satisfactory which reported globally. However; observed certain (females, laboratory workers, sector), should be targeted more focused awareness programs. Kuwait can play central role educating patients general public benefits halt spread SARS-CoV-2, considering Middle East.

Язык: Английский

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