Toxicity of airborne nanoparticles: Facts and challenges

Environment International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 190, С. 108889 - 108889

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2024

Air pollution is one of the most severe environmental health hazards, and airborne nanoparticles (diameter <100 nm) are considered particularly hazardous to human health. They produced by various sources such as internal combustion engines, wood biomass burning, fuel natural gas combustion, their origin, among other parameters, determines intrinsic toxicity for reasons that not yet fully understood. Many constituents toxic or at least hazardous, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) heavy metal compounds, in addition gaseous pollutants present aerosol fraction, NOx, SO2, ozone. All these compounds can cause oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, inflammation lungs tissues, cellular organelles. Epidemiological investigations concluded may affect respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous systems. Moreover, particulate matter has been linked an increased risk lung cancer, a carcinogenic effect related DNA but inflammatory response pollutants, which release cytokines promotes proliferation pre-existing mutated cancer cells. The mechanisms behind be investigated experimentally using cell cultures animal models. Methods gathering have explored, standardized protocols needed ensure samples accurately represent chemical mixtures environment. Toxic studied models, designing realistic exposure settings challenging. air–liquid interface (ALI) system directly exposes cells, mimicking particle inhalation into lungs. Continuous research monitoring essential understanding effects developing active strategies mitigate risks

Язык: Английский

Air quality in the era of climate change: bioaerosols, multi-exposures and the emerging threats of respiratory allergies and infectious diseases

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100634 - 100634

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский