Advances in muscle health and nutrition: A toolkit for healthcare professionals

Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 41(10), С. 2244 - 2263

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2022

Low muscle mass and malnutrition are prevalent conditions among adults of all ages, with any body weight or index, acute chronic conditions, including COVID-19. This article synthesizes the latest research advancements in health malnutrition, their impact on immune function, clinical outcomes. We provide a toolkit illustrations scientific information that healthcare professionals can use for knowledge translation, educating patients about importance identifying treating low malnutrition. focus emerging evidence mitochondrial dysfunction context aging disease, as well cross-talk between skeletal system. address myosteatosis component composition, discuss direct, indirect surrogate assessments ultrasound, computerized tomography, deuterated creatine dilution, calf circumference. Assessments function also included (handgrip strength, physical performance tests). Finally, we nutrition interventions to support anabolism, reduce catabolism, improve patient These include protein amino acids, branched-chain leucine; β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), vitamin D; n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), polyphenols, oral nutritional supplements. concluded recommendations practice call action focusing evaluating composition targeted interventions, consequently ability

Язык: Английский

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Cancer Cachexia: New Insights and Future Directions

Cancers, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(23), С. 5590 - 5590

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2023

Cancer remains a major health problem and is associated with cachexia in up to 80% of cases, leading decreased survival quality life. Cachexia involves complex metabolic disturbances both protein energy balance, muscle wasting phenomena, weight loss, systemic inflammation, overall performance status, tolerability treatment. The clinical impact cancer very complex, early detection cachectic patients identification predictive biomarkers being two key factors for improving survival. Thus, better understanding the complexity phenomena its main pathophysiological mechanism much needed. Our review highlights most important information about cachexia, aiming disseminate updated research findings this highly deadly condition.

Язык: Английский

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Poor muscle quality: A hidden and detrimental health condition in obesity

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

Язык: Английский

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CompositIA: an open-source automated quantification tool for body composition scores from thoraco-abdominal CT scans

European Radiology Experimental, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025

Abstract Background Body composition scores allow for quantifying the volume and physical properties of specific tissues. However, their manual calculation is time-consuming prone to human error. This study aims develop validate CompositIA , an automated, open-source pipeline body from thoraco-abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods A retrospective dataset 205 contrast-enhanced CT examinations was used training, while 54 scans a publicly available were independent testing. Two radiology residents performed segmentation, identifying centers L1 L3 vertebrae segmenting corresponding axial slices. MultiResUNet identify slices intersecting vertebrae, its performance evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE). U-nets segment slices, with through volumetric Dice similarity coefficient (vDSC). ’s in indices assessed percentage relative (PRE), regression, Bland–Altman analyses. Results On dataset, achieved MAE about 5 mm detecting < 10 at least 85% cases vDSC greater than 0.85 Regression analyses demonstrated strong linear relationship good agreement between automated ( p values 0.001 all indices), PREs ranging 5.13% 15.18%. Conclusion facilitated quantification scores, achieving high precision Relevance statement scans, simplifying clinical assessments, expanding applicability. Key Points Manual assessment CTs errors. trained on tested errors under 15% compared indices. simplifies artificial intelligence-driven pipeline. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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CT-Derived Body Composition Assessment as a Prognostic Tool in Oncologic Patients: From Opportunistic Research to Artificial Intelligence–Based Clinical Implementation

American Journal of Roentgenology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 219(4), С. 671 - 680

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2022

CT-based body composition measures are well established in research settings as prognostic markers oncologic patients. Numerous retrospective studies have shown the role of objective measurements extracted from abdominal CT images skeletal muscle, fat, and bone mineral density providing more accurate assessments frailty cancer cachexia comparison with traditional clinical methods. Quantitative liver fat aortic atherosclerotic calcification received relatively less attention care but also provide information. Patients routinely undergo serial examinations for staging, treatment response, surveillance, opportunity quantitative assessment to be performed part routine care. The emergence fully automated artificial intelligence-based segmentation quantification tools replace earlier time-consuming manual semiautomated methods analysis will allow these opportunistic transition realm practice. With continued investigation, may ultimately applied achieve precise risk stratification a component personalized

Язык: Английский

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Serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio as a muscle mass evaluating tool and prognostic indicator for hospitalized patients: A meta-analysis

Frontiers in Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2023

Objective Sarcopenia is a syndrome of decreased muscle mass and deficits in strength physical function. We aimed to investigate the relationship between creatinine/cystatin C ratio (CCR) sarcopenia prognostic value CCR hospitalized patients. Materials methods searched for relevant studies PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database up August 25, 2022. Meta-analyses were performed evaluate skeletal [computed tomography-assessed (CTASM), strength, performance], prognosis important clinical outcomes adults. The pooled correlation coefficient, area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, hazard (HR) together with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated. also conducted subgroup analyses explore sources heterogeneity. Results A total 38 20,362 patients eligible. These moderate high quality. Our results showed that was significant correlations all CTASM types (Fisher’s Z ranged from 0.35 0.5; P values &lt; 0.01 0.01), handgrip = 0.39; CI, 0.32–0.45; 0.001) gait speed 0.25; 0.21–0.30; 0.001). ROC curves suggested had good diagnostic efficacy (0.689; 0.632–0.746; 0.01) sarcopenia. can reliably predict mortality patients, which confirmed by regression analysis as both continuous (HR 0.78; 0.72–0.84; categorical variables 2.05; 1.58–2.66; 0.0001). In addition, less evidence higher independently associated shorter duration mechanical ventilation, reduced length stay intensive care unit hospital, nutritional risk, complications Conclusion could be simple, economical, effective screening tool it helpful factor other outcomes. Systematic review registration https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-9-0097/ , identifier INPLASY202290097.

Язык: Английский

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Quantitative and Qualitative Radiological Assessment of Sarcopenia and Cachexia in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(3), С. 243 - 243

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2024

Sarcopenia, an extremely common condition in cancer patients, is described as a progressive and generalized musculoskeletal disorder that associated with increased likelihood of adverse outcomes, including falls, fractures, physical disability, mortality. By contrast, cachexia defined syndrome characterized by weight loss the concomitant muscle and/or fat mass. Cancer leads to functional impairment, reduced performance, decreased survival, often accompanied progression response therapy. The literature states patients or sarcopenia have many more complications than without these conditions. interplay between physiologic is, part, responsible for complexity studying wasting disorders population, particularly geriatric population. For reasons, comprehensive assessment body composition function necessary. There are several modalities adapted measure skeletal mass, such dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US). gold standard measurement quantitative qualitative changes tissue density using CT scan. However, this technique remains poorly implemented clinical practice because use ionizing radiation. Similarly, DEXA, MRI, US been proposed, but their limited. In review, we present compare techniques developed so far nutritional patients.

Язык: Английский

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Reduced temporal muscle thickness predicts shorter survival in patients undergoing chronic subdural haematoma drainage

Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(4), С. 1441 - 1450

Опубликована: Май 8, 2024

Abstract Background Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) drainage is a common neurosurgical procedure. CSDHs cause excess mortality, which exacerbated by frailty. Sarcopenia contributes to frailty – its key component, low muscle mass, can be assessed using cross‐sectional imaging. We aimed examine the prognostic role of temporal thickness (TMT) measured from preoperative computed tomography head scans among patients undergoing surgical CSDH drainage. Methods retrospectively identified all who underwent within 1 year February 2019. their mean TMT scans, tested reliability these measurements, and evaluated value for postoperative survival. Results One hundred eighty‐eight (122, 65% males) (median age 78 years, IQR 70–85 years) were included. Thirty‐four (18%) died 2 51 (27%) at median follow‐up 39 months (IQR 34–42 months). Intra‐ inter‐observer measurements was good‐to‐excellent (ICC 0.85–0.97, P < 0.05). decreased with (Pearson's r = −0.38, 0.001). Females had lower than males ( The optimal cut‐off values predicting two‐year survival 4.475 mm 3.125 females. below cut‐offs associated shorter in both univariate (HR 3.24, 95% CI 1.85–5.67) multivariate 1.86, 1.02–3.36) analyses adjusted age, ASA grade bleed size. effect on mortality not mediated age. Conclusions In CSDH, imaging reliable contained information supplemental previously known predictors poor outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Age- and sex-adjusted CT-based reference values for temporal muscle thickness, cross-sectional area and radiodensity

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2025

Muscle mass has been traditionally assessed by measuring paraspinal muscle areas at the level of third lumbar vertebra on computed tomography (CT). Neurological or neurosurgical patients seldom undergo CT scans region. Instead, temporal thickness (TMT), cross-sectional area (TMA) and radiodensity measured from head are readily available measures quality in these patient cohorts. The purpose this retrospective study was to establish CT-based reference values for TMT, TMA each decade age 0 100 years normalized sex, define cut-off subjects risk sarcopenia as defined European Working Group Sarcopenia Older People (EWGSOP). Subjects diagnosed with a concussion Oulu University Hospital between January 2014 December 2022 (n = 9254) were identified obtain population. significant pre-existing co-morbidities excluded. measured, measurement reliability quantified, sex-adjusted calculated decade. Quantile regression used model age-related changes morphomics. A total 500 [250 (50.0%) males] mean 49.2 ± 27.9 evaluated. Inter- intra-observer almost perfect TMT TMA, substantial-to-almost radiodensity. 5.2 1.9 mm, 284 159 mm2 44.6 17.7HU, respectively. reduced males/females using compliant criteria ≤ 4.09 mm/≤3.44 166 mm2/≤156 mm2, 35.5HU/≤35.2HU, We described standardized protocol practical clinical use reliability. Using protocol, we produced quantile models detection lowest 5th, 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th 50th percentiles well EWGSOP facilitate generalizable radiological research.

Язык: Английский

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Improving accuracy of SUV estimates in paediatric oncology: Recommending against the use of body weight corrected SUV in [18F]FDG PET

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2025

Abstract Purpose Few studies have assessed body weight dependency of Standardised Uptake Value (SUV) formulations in paediatric patients. This study aims to compare different SUV measured reference tissues patients and determine which correction method shows the least on weight. Methods A single-centre, retrospective analysis [18F]FDG PET/CT scans was performed. measurements were taken from liver blood pool using EARL1 reconstructions. corrected for (SUVBW), lean mass (LBM) according James (SUVLBMJames) Janmahasatian (SUVLBMJanma), surface area (BSA) DuBois (SUVBSADuBois) Haycock (SUVBSAHaycock). The coefficient determination (r 2 ) used assess correlation between Results In total, 461 analysed, including 185 (40%) female median age 12 years (IQR 8–15.5 years). SUVBW exhibited strongest with weight, r = 0.65 0.50 pool. contrast, SUVBSADuBois SUVBSAHaycock had weakest correlation, 0.09 0.06 SUVLBMJames SUVLBMJanma moderate correlations, 0.51 0.44 pool, respectively, 0.47 0.42, respectively. Conclusion scans, should be avoided due elevating values heavier SUVBSA presents provides most consistent assessments metabolic activity.

Язык: Английский

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