A Critical Review of Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Resources: A Focus on the Current Status, Future Possibilities, and Role of Simulation Models

Atmosphere, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1), С. 122 - 122

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2024

The Earth’s water resources, totalling 1.386 billion cubic kilometres, predominantly consist of saltwater in oceans. Groundwater plays a pivotal role, with 99% usable freshwater supporting 1.5–3 people as drinking source and 60–70% for irrigation. Climate change, temperature increases altered precipitation patterns, directly impacts groundwater systems, affecting recharge, discharge, temperature. Hydrological models are crucial assessing climate change effects on groundwater, aiding management decisions. Advanced hydrological models, incorporating data assimilation improved process representation, contribute to understanding complex systems. Recent studies employ numerical assess recharge that could help the groundwater. vulnerability assessments vary spatial temporal considerations, well assumptions modelling susceptibility. This review assesses stresses importance accurate sustainable resource management. It highlights challenges related soil aquifer properties, multiple stressors, adaptive capacity, topography contamination processes, gradual sea level rise scenarios, realistic representations region study. With advancements modelling, including integration uncertainty quantification remote sensing data, artificial intelligence assist efforts improve modelling.

Язык: Английский

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Innovative Organic Fertilizers and Cover Crops: Perspectives for Sustainable Agriculture in the Era of Climate Change and Organic Agriculture

Agronomy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(12), С. 2871 - 2871

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

Anthropogenic activities have resulted in land desertification various regions of the world, leading to degradation critical soil characteristics such as organic matter (OM) content, nutrient stock, and prevailing biodiversity. Restoring degraded soils through amendments diversified crop rotations is thus an intrinsic part farming. This review discusses a wide range farming impacts on health productivity by focusing fertilizers diversification. Conventional were considered vital for agricultural production harvest high yields. Nevertheless, they are now deemed environmentally hazardous obstacle sustainable agroecosystems due intensive chemical inputs that damage over time long-lasting impacts. fertilization results depletion, loss microbial diversity, reduction, deterioration physical soil. Conversely, makes use naturally existing resources improve health. Organic biochar, manure, fermented grass soil’s physical, chemical, biological properties promote growth diversity beneficial microorganisms—important cycling stability. They facilitate uptake nutrients, hinder pathogen growth, mitigate heavy metals, decompose xenobiotic substances. Moreover, growing cover crops also major strategy Diversified rotation with combinatorial may yields without any detrimental environment soil, ensuring food production, safety, security. integrated approach contributes minimizing their effects environmental It reducing along enhancing OM, biomass, nitrogen fixation, carbon sequestration. Therefore, offer climate change mitigation.

Язык: Английский

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Support Vector Machine Algorithm for Mapping Land Cover Dynamics in Senegal, West Africa, Using Earth Observation Data

Earth, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(3), С. 420 - 462

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2024

This paper addresses the problem of mapping land cover types in Senegal and recognition vegetation systems Saloum River Delta on satellite images. Multi-seasonal landscape dynamics were analyzed using Landsat 8-9 OLI/TIRS images from 2015 to 2023. Two image classification methods compared, their performance was evaluated GRASS GIS software (version 8.4.0, creator: Development Team, original location: Champaign, Illinois, USA, currently multinational project) by means unsupervised k-means clustering algorithm supervised Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. The identified machine learning (ML)-based analysis spectral reflectance multispectral results based processed indicated a decrease savannas, an increase croplands agricultural lands, decline forests, changes coastal wetlands, including mangroves with high biodiversity. practical aim is describe novel method creating maps RS data for each class improve accuracy. We accomplish this calculating areas occupied 10 classes within target area six consecutive years. Our indicate that, comparing algorithms, SVM approach increased accuracy, 98% pixels being stable, which shows qualitative improvements classification. contributes natural resource management environmental monitoring Senegal, West Africa, through advanced cartographic applied remote sensing Earth observation data.

Язык: Английский

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Water and Food Sustainability in the Riparian Countries of Lake Chad in Africa

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(13), С. 10009 - 10009

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2023

Lake Chad is a strategic water resource shared by more than 40 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the 1960s, it served as primary source of for irrigation and fishing region, but capacity to supply plummeted 90% at beginning twenty-first century. With some initiatives taken neighboring countries, has recovered about 5% its volume recent years. This research conducted an extensive literature review on riparian countries. The four major countries were given particular attention due their significant stake sustainability lake Chad. identified analyzed usage trends this both before after lake’s decline levels. Our findings revealed that around have experienced 80% increase population growth now been reduced 10% original size 1960s. Animal production region increased significantly, too, particularly Chad, over 75% contributed conflicts between farmers herders region. possible solutions proposed restoration include harvesting activities basin, developing legal framework sustainable use, incentive-based policies stakeholders mitigate climate extremes events, establishing joint administration introducing regenerative agricultural practices with highly efficient micro system.

Язык: Английский

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Investigating the Response of Vegetation to Flash Droughts by Using Cross-Spectral Analysis and an Evapotranspiration-Based Drought Index

Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(9), С. 1564 - 1564

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2024

Flash droughts tend to cause severe damage agriculture due their characteristics of sudden onset and rapid intensification. Early detection the response vegetation flash is utmost importance in mitigating effects droughts, as it can provide a scientific basis for establishing an early warning system. The commonly used method determining time drought, based on index or correlation between precipitation anomaly growth anomaly, leads late irreversible drought vegetation, which may not be sufficient use analyzing earning. evapotranspiration-based (ET-based) indices are effective indicator identifying monitoring drought. This study proposes novel approach that applies cross-spectral analysis ET-based index, i.e., Evaporative Stress Anomaly Index (ESAI), forcing vegetation-based Normalized Vegetation (NVAI), response, both from medium-resolution remote sensing data, estimate lag vitality status An experiment was carried out North China during March–September period 2001–2020 using products at 1 km spatial resolution. results show average water availability estimated by over 5.9 days, shorter than measured widely (26.5 days). main difference phase lies fundamental processes behind definitions two methods, subtle dynamic fluctuation signature signal (vegetation-based index) correlates with (ET-based versus impact indicated negative NDVI anomaly. varied types irrigation conditions. rainfed cropland, irrigated grassland, forest 5.4, 5.8, 6.1, 6.9 respectively. Forests have longer grasses crops deeper root systems, mitigate impacts droughts. Our method, innovative earlier impending impacts, rather waiting occur. information detected stage help decision makers developing more timely strategies ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Rising Threats to Groundwater Recharge: Adaptive Strategies for the Sahel Under Climate Change

Groundwater for Sustainable Development, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 30, С. 101468 - 101468

Опубликована: Май 20, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Changes in vegetation-water response in the Sahel-Sudan during recent decades

Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 52, С. 101672 - 101672

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

The Africa Sahel-Sudan region, defined by annual rainfall between 150 and 1200 mm. Understanding the mechanism of vegetation response to water availability could help mitigate potential adverse effects climate change on global dryland ecosystems. In spatio-temporal changes drivers vegetation-water remain unclear. This study employs long-term satellite products as proxies productivity analyze in sensitivity cumulative effect duration (CED) representing a measure legacy impact constraints vegetation. A random forest model was subsequently used climatic observed response. During 1982–2016 we found significant decrease (p < 0.05) 26% while 9% area showed significantly increased sensitivity, mainly sub-humid zone. We further that CED decreased, respectively around both cases. Our driver attribution analysis suggested existence varying underlying mechanisms governing deficit across findings emphasize need for diverse strategies sustainable ecosystem management effectively address these mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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Water resources availability in the Mefou basin, Cameroon: under current and future climate, and land use and land cover

Sustainable Water Resources Management, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(2)

Опубликована: Март 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Changes in climate, vegetation cover and vegetation composition affect runoff generation in the Gulf of Guinea Basin

Hydrological Processes, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract Although considerable effort has been deployed to understand the impact of climate variability and vegetation change on runoff in major basins across Africa, such studies are scarce Gulf Guinea Basin (GGB). This study combines Budyko framework elasticity concept along with geospatial data fill this research gap 44 nested sub‐basins GGB. Annual rainfall from 1982 2021 show significant decreasing increasing trends northern southern parts GGB, respectively. potential evapotranspiration (PET) also shows higher magnitudes observed Changing variables corroborates shift arid wetter conditions north south, From 2000 2020 cover estimated using enhanced index (EVI) all including those experiencing a decline annual rainfall. Vegetation composition measured continuous fields (VCFs) an increase tree canopy (TC), short marginal changes bare ground (BG). Elasticity coefficients that 10% PET may lead 33% 24% runoff, On other hand, EVI 4% while TC, SV BG reduce by 3% 2%, Even though marginal, decomposing into different parameters VCFs hydrological effects which is one novelties be used for implementing nature‐based solutions. The demonstrates freely available together analytical methods promising approach understanding hydrology data‐scarce regions.

Язык: Английский

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Availability of the current and future water resources in Central Africa, case of the large Sanaga catchment in Cameroon

Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53, С. 101815 - 101815

Опубликована: Май 14, 2024

Mbakaou and Bamendjing basins (Sanaga River sub-basins). In this study, the availability of water resources was assessed over period 2002–2019, based on SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) hydrological model certain meteorological spatial reference data available for region (Merra2, Landsat, etc.). Forecasts its evolution were then made with same tool (SWAT) two futures periods (near 2024–2035 medium: 2036–205) from four (04) regional climate models (RCMs) (CCCma, HIRHAM5, RCA4 REMO) future land use cover (LULC) simulated using CA-Markov procedure. To separate impact variability (CV) changes (LULCCs) resources, scenarios (experiments) established: (1) CV, by associating LULC historical period; (2) LULCCs, combining maps period. The performances are satisfactory in calibration validation R2, NSE KGE greater than 0.68. Two (CCCma predict a decline these basins, others (HIRHAM5 RCA4) opposite. REMO seems most reliable. It predicts drop precipitation runoff (SURQ) that do not respectively exceed –19% –31%. CV is only forcing whose will be visible dynamics given insignificant expected patterns. results study could contribute to improving management studied region.

Язык: Английский

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