This
research
investigates
the
effects
of
gradual
step
changes
in
temperature
3
degree
Celsius
on
occupants’
thermal
comfort
when
they
transition
from
extreme
external
and
humidity
through
transitional
spaces
to
destination
building.
The
study
shows
that
a
change
does
not
cause
any
discomfort
space,
but
noticeable
improvement
is,
however,
realised
spaces,
where
occupants
spend
most
time
outcomes
have
significance
informing
sustainable
design
operations
buildings
arid
regions.
Energies,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(22), С. 5728 - 5728
Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2024
The
global
rise
in
population
and
advancement
civilization
have
led
to
a
substantial
increase
energy
demand,
particularly
the
industrial
sector.
This
sector
accounts
for
considerable
proportion
of
total
consumption,
with
approximately
three-quarters
its
consumption
being
used
heat
processes.
To
meet
Paris
Agreement
goals,
countries
are
aligning
policies
international
agreements,
companies
setting
net-zero
targets.
Upstream
emissions
Scope
3
category
refer
activities
company’s
supply
chain,
crucial
achieving
ambitions.
study
analyzes
heating
solutions
chain
certain
globally
operating
companies,
contributing
their
2030
carbon-neutral
ambition.
objective
is
identify
current
emerging
from
carbon
dioxide
equivalent
(CO2e)
impact,
economic,
technical
perspectives,
considering
regional
aspects.
methodology
includes
qualitative
quantitative
surveys
gather
CO2e
emission
factors
prices.
Calculations
estimate
costs
each
technology
or
fuel,
solution’s
efficiency.
focuses
on
Europe,
United
States,
Brazil,
China,
Saudi
Arabia,
regions
representative
companies’
setups.
Results
indicate
that
pumps
optimal
solution
low
temperatures,
while
biomass
second
most
prevalent
solution,
except
Arabia
where
natural
gas
more
feasible.
For
medium
high
viable
short
term
electrification
beneficial
other
regions.
electricity
mix
expected
increase,
but
decarbonization
targets
requires
cleaner
mixes
competitive
Power
Purchase
(PPA)
projects.
renewable
sources,
offers
favorable
conditions
using
green
reduce
emissions.
utilization
biomethane
promising
if
incentives
align
those
EU.
Although
not
this
study,
comprehensive
analysis
CAPEX
lifecycle
associated
equipment
necessary
when
migrating
technologies.
Policies
economic
can
also
make
these
less
favorable.
OPEC Energy Review,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 17, 2024
Abstract
We
address
the
shortcomings
associated
with
modelling
national
aggregate
electricity
consumption
in
a
large
and
diverse
country
unique
regional
characteristics.
Focusing
on
Saudi
Arabia,
we
employ
an
econometric
approach
to
analyse
distinct
responses
of
its
regions
prices
income
levels.
The
study
employs
general
specific
approach,
utilizing
data
from
1990
2019
within
conventional
energy
demand
theoretical
framework.
Our
region‐specific
estimations
reveal
price
as
primary
drivers,
southern
region
exhibiting
higher
sensitivity
income,
while
eastern
shows
comparatively
smaller
response
attributed
significant
industrial
presence.
Elasticities
for
central
western
align
previous
research,
exhibit
larger
elasticities.
Weather
impacts
are
observed
only
warmest
region,
characterised
by
substantial
share
residential
consumption.
Furthermore,
utilise
our
estimated
model
project
baseline
Arabia
demonstrate
how
affect
differently.
This
information
is
important
oil‐exporting
like
considering
fuel
mix
used
generation
across
regions.
Assuming
moderate
economic
growth
no
change,
projections
indicate
total
366
terawatt
hours
(TWh)
2030.
