Carbon Balance and Management,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
20(1)
Опубликована: Май 9, 2025
In
this
paper,
three
novel
grey
breakpoint
prediction
models
are
proposed
based
on
calculating
the
development
coefficient
and
action
of
after
fuzzy
breakpoints,
unifying
calculation
methods
for
parameter
estimation
relevant
time-response
equations,
using
particle
swarm
optimisation
algorithm
to
optimise
two-stage
background
values.
Finally,
used
simulate
forecast
CO2
emissions
in
BRICS
countries.
We
can
see
that
by
setting
time
breakpoints
intervals,
successfully
detect
abrupt
changes
system
achieve
accurate
predictions,
thus
improving
accuracy
applicability
model.
The
new
demonstrate
better
all
cases
forecasting.
projections
show
between
2022
2025,
Brazil
South
Africa
will
decrease
each
year,
while
China,
Russia
India
increase
but
upwards
trend
shows
signs
slowing.
