Multifaceted impacts of nanoparticles on plant nutrient absorption and soil microbial communities

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2024

With the growth of global population and increasing scarcity resources, sustainability efficiency improvement agricultural production have become urgent needs. The rapid development nanotechnology provides new solutions to this challenge, especially application nanoparticles in agriculture, which is gradually demonstrating its unique advantages broad prospects. Nonetheless, various can influence plant diverse manners, often through distinct mechanisms action. Beyond their direct effects on itself, they frequently alter physicochemical properties soil modulate structure microbial communities rhizosphere. This review focuses intently methods growth, delving deeply into interactions between plants, as well with communities. aim offer a comprehensive reference for utilization functionalized sector.

Язык: Английский

---

Herbaria as critical resources for studying plant‐virus biodiversity and epidemiology

American Journal of Botany, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025

In the wake of a virus-mediated global health crises, research has rightfully focused on monitoring zoonotic viruses, particularly those that are emerging or novel in human populations (Baker et al., 2022). Viruses infect plants also worthy candidates for investment and, depending host outcomes, epidemiological action (Anderson 2004; Jones and Naidu, 2019; 2021). While not all viruses pathogenic (Roossinck, 2011; Takahashi 2019), crop diseases caused by viral symbionts undermine food economic security worldwide (Bos, 1982; Sastry Zitter, 2014; Trębicki Finlay, 2018; Rao Reddy, 2020), consequences plant biodiversity ecosystems understudied (Kamitani 2016; Lefeuvre 2019). Better data regarding spatiotemporal patterns plant-virus distributions is prerequisite understanding how move, change, emerge as threats to ecosystem security. One way temporal trends virus may be studied through use natural history collections (Cook 2020; Thompson 2021), which offer opportunity retrospectively characterize host–virus interactions, thus building baseline contemporary analyses compared. Similarly, Cook al. (2020) demonstrate potential benefit using historical specimens efficiently survey diversity across taxa environments. This work, like most specimen-based into diversity, animal hosts. Here we discuss opportunities would arise from utilizing similar fashion; while practical technical details isolating plant-associated tissue differ methods other taxonomic groups, benefits disease management numerous. There multiple possible isolate types useful studying communities, including agricultural isolates "forgotten" frozen collected academic researchers (Jones We pros cons different sources conclude usefulness whole-host herbarium justifies development research. Our objectives this commentary (1) review compare current resources approaches available context (2) outline steps improve preservation going forward. primary reasons it important build baselines space time monitor emergence threaten native species Most basically, efforts cannot detect changes biotic interactions without iterative sampling measures turnover compared previous measurements (Magurran 2010). Beyond that, downstream models documenting impacts change plant–virus (e.g., elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide; see Scandolera 2024) improved when (Willis Long-term sets detecting virus–host communities over rare. assembled experimental studies manipulated infections controlled conditions such greenhouses (Pagán 2010; Montes 2020). These helpful specific but generalizable do provide any insight wild Novel preserved taxonomically diverse hosts only direct generate new information up point. Multiple exist (Table 1). fall under four broad categories—virus resources, qualitative two categories repositories (partial- vs. resources)—which expand upon below. Each these have limitations, together represent chance at characterizing poorly understood dimension ecology, evolution, biodiversity. Botanical herbaria considered type repository. argue accessible (Figure 1), scientifically informative, largely untapped source historic information. Until relatively recently, nomenclature organization depended identity their known hosts, morphology characteristics, did include quantitative genomic similarity (Koonin Viral genome sequencing allowed more detailed evolutionary relatedness between themselves, turn sheds light groups (Simmonds 2017; Lefkowitz 2018). Past iterations databases been built curate virioplanktonic (Xie vertebrate-associated (Carlson 2022), (Brunt 1996; Adams Antoniw, 2006). A universal, virus-focused community established working describe update lists, providing an index (International Committee Taxonomy [ICTV]) (Lefkowitz Taxonomic lists generated revised experts tracking number accepted taxa, ever-growing length list. clear there many than documented. Virus checklists, however, tool depends detection discovery symbionts, relies generating sampled environments time. Image- text-based induce visible symptoms etiology well defined, used poetry, herbal guides, garden lists) locate centuries before first was isolated. For example, earliest record interaction described Man'yoshu anthology Japanese poetry year 752 (Saunders 2003) Empress Kōken describes premature yellowing leaves eupatorium summer. Contemporary virologists demonstrated yellow streaking leaf phenotype present infected geminivirus, yellow-vein virus, accompanying satellite component 2003). condition associated with common were circa 1000 Surapala Vrikshayurveda (Sadhale, Rishi, 2009), abundant archival evidence tulip break paintings, texts, ledgers mid-17th century Holland (Lesnaw Ghabrial, 2000). observations demonstrates predates modern molecular diagnostic methods. should hypotheses rather addressed machine learning language learning) artificial intelligence, caveat symptomology alone insufficient identification. fashion, image opportunistic recent history, they lack physical material necessary validate quantify hypothetical taxa. Public iNaturalist (www.inaturalist.org) photographs identifications made members who upload identify occurrences based induced phenotypes. acknowledge image-based identification well-described pathosystems explore spatial breadth occurrences, emphasize need caution additional, confirm infection (see Lombardi, largest centralized structure occurrence Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; www.gbif.org). GBIF holds enormous amounts currently records set includes genetic sequence contigs detected uploaded International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) (DOI: 10.15468/e97kmy). Material far basis set, though some whole representing less 1% full set. Of approximately 95,000 (~10%) match genus-level classifications ICTV, 9235 coordinate (9.7%). identified API trawls INSDC sequences assemblies public sets, require further exploration, validation, curation. Nonetheless despite INSDC-reliant resource institutional metadata can utilized follow-up validation. Reproducibility validation adequate institution data, provided Darwin Core standards met digital integration maintained. about high-throughput genomes tissue. The isolated strengths weaknesses, potentially questions Partial-host punches samples, cultures, seeds. Whole-host either living (curated naturally occurring) 2). Small RNA gold standard fresh because allows capitalize host-associated interference (RNAi) genes respond therefore assembly both DNA (Pooggin, Furthermore, small robust degraded (Rieux 2021) promising approach well. Previous various wheat (Malmstrom 2007, cassava tobacco (Fraile 1997). Thanks size partial-host specimens, tissues freezers liquid nitrogen, increases likelihood retaining integrity (Prendini 2002; Hamim Storage likely variable degradation specimen quality inevitable. Nonetheless, microRNA effectively old fragmentation (Wang 2018) pressed one consistent capacity inclusively capture targets single- double-stranded Massart Whole-plant preservation, hand, historically aimed preserving fragile materials, silica subsamples whole, become practice increasingly analyses. common, widespread samples herbaria, botanical gardens) enable study environment surrounding community. contrast culture isolates, whole-plant biological scales environmental context. idealized fictional world virology, botanists consistently collect sick-looking plants, stored longevity, repository aggregator facilitated collaborative equitably institutions. reality, collectors generally avoid atypical phenotypes (i.e., possibly symptomatic), few dried subsampled tissue, limited infrastructure making (Gostel 2016) distribution makes comparatively persistent legacies colonialism imperialism evident continue bias (Paton Park 2023). Over half 70% ever housed countries once benefactors colonial dispossession, originating regions high colonies curated colonizers (Park Redressing inequities locations returning institutions home ranges, proactive consideration equity developed strategies knowledge symbionts. biases still show best, space. existing described, integrate 1) (Rodelo-Urrego 2013), (Bernardo Ter Horst 2023), Pressed sheets commonly geospatial holistic phenotypic (as Figure Compared partial images text, numerous overstated Table 1); challenges significant, mostly methodological nature effort. Developing tractable analytic pathways will otherwise lost science. herbarium-based motivate adoption. Historical viromes help biomonitoring pathogens distributions, (3) identifying symbioses past consequential ecology evolution plants. pathogen previously uncharacterized viruses) fragmented surveillance major, step forward epidemiology. vast growing reference past, cause well-characterized thanks negative agriculture. cases, heterochronous provides points shifts indicate degree presence via symptoms, fecundity, fitness measurements. instances determined versus uninfected comparing antecedent genotypes seed banks seeds specimens. pressed, ideal describing changing whether systems. collections-based isolation disease, implications holistically Spillover inevitable, mixed landscapes (Power Mitchell, Elena Alexander 2014), field-adjacent management. immediate priority protection crops proximal fields, know broader agroecological (Fargette 2008; not. localities prevalent, predict prevent spillover loss due generalist 2004). Epidemiological conservation (Lefeuvre Malmstrom However, so little true estimate impact (Shates Herbaria are, therefore, especially determining extent associations managed protect diversity. Finally, outcome cultivated least sometimes 2015; Fraile García-Arenal, 2016), conditionally dependent abiotic experienced host. unprecedented perturbations disrupt shift frequency scale (Anfoka Trębicki, Hamann Isolating clines where prevalent traits might relevant given host-specific assimilation, chlorophyll mosaicking), dynamics conditions. Diverse stakeholder professional private landowners, find advantages hubs projects relate viruses. future innovative, optimized uses some, certainly all, ways support collaboration transdisciplinary practitioners. First aid emergent pathogens, detrimental To accomplish effective populations, teams regional botanists, collection managers, bioinformaticians capable analyzing genomes. Depending initial efforts, eradicate create polygenic resistance restorative biologists, land managers sectors, science communicators engage question. researchers, practitioners increase damage crops, described. Many state grant long monitored pressure fields specifically major crops. cooperative extension agents, producers) informing targeted efforts. unified general representation tend biased toward rare (Garcillán Ezcurra, 2011). relatives advance breeding produce broad-spectrum cultivars. Inclusion ethnobotanists, indigenous holders, naturalists floristic work justly sociological boundaries, requires thoughtfully structured multisector teams. Regional particular situated act intermediaries facilitate professionals local communities. Another exciting avenue optimizes labels. last years, version increased dramatically (Hussein 2022; Weaver Smith, Salamai, Whenever mottling 2), convolutional neural network computer vision modeling diagnosing complementary method, leverage optical character resolution interpret textual descriptions sort assessment (Weaver At time, attempts diagnose encourage anticipate collaborations scientists expertise scalable digitized significant must addressed. foremost, finding accessing locality, availability, logistical challenge 3A). globally places fewer open research, permissible destructively sample (Rabeler Efforts digitize progress begun hinders documentation (Soltis, Heberling hold greater coverage others; task suitable address hypotheses, gain access permission them. Perhaps outstanding limit 3B). methodically flower, methods) It yield (Hamim expect relationship since data—though tested groups. Indeed, even technologies rapidly-developing capabilities (Sidharthan Baranwal, probability-based (Ho Tzanetakis, Zheng Sukhorukov accurate extracted difficult careful 3). degrade longer endogenous nucleases oxidative processes, decrease probability successful possibility techniques inoculation 1997), amplification enzymes protein samples. What yet unknown shape, rate, variation Understanding characteristics materials determine titers, binary presence/absence, metrics measurable suggest measure "tipping points" cut-off times reliably meantime, analysis silencing mechanisms biomolecules best option ancient nucleic acid (Pecman Pooggin, testing. expedient consider next generation platforms, long-read options Oxford Nanopore sequencing) combination thereof 3C). genomes, short reads captures greatest sequences, assembling expert system development. Bioinformatic pipelines essentially RNA/DNA isolations sequencing, checking, de novo and/or genome, database matching, annotation eventually, visualization Methods depend proteins western blots enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) virus-associated products designs permit it, symbiont question already characterized. secondary results final designing 3D). addition issues fragmentation, recognize choices field our Field unlikely select phenotypically individuals representatives species. Herbarium curators hesitant accept clearly concerns entirety safety rest (with exceptions pathology collections). Thus, under-represent symptomatic pathogen. always recognizable though, preservation. As scenario mean cryopreserved extensions (photographs, etc.). Going forward, preserve "representative" if display unique traits, parasite prevalence within population. developmentally mature visibly healthy notable already, eventually named species, insect parasitism galls), immature stages special purposes ecological surveys. intentionally target room improvement accessibility resources. First, maintain sterility account contamination extracting acids factor seeking microbial Bieker [2020] discussion). More generally, needed cryopreservation facilities whole-specimen collections. New feasibility long-term storage biodiversity, equitability wave interests. curation Division Genetic Resources (DGR) Museum Southwestern Biology (MSB) Mexico, United States (Galbreath 2019) parasites 2017, 2020) supported (Witt 2024). DGR whole-organism metadata, more. example way, centralize cost-prohibitive limiting losing data. push national levels, standardized curating complex (Cicero 2024), Plant ubiquitous environments, biogeography rich opportune fundamental theoretical use. principal requirement make feasible reassembled Additionally, advocate atypical-looking subsampling cryostorage silica. out biosecurity planet, equitable Because global, too humans them; exciting, integrative uncovering universally axis E.M.L. contributed conceptualization, acquisition analyses, visual creation, manuscript writing, revision editing. H.E.M. revision, thank world. Without effort care, recourse retroactively non-agricultural Dr. Pamela Diggle, Amy McPherson editorial support, anonymous reviewers feedback commentary. conducted part University Mexico Women STEM Faculty Development Fund.

Язык: Английский

---

Viral walk: using ROS to explain CoRSV systemicity in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. at high temperature

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

Dichorhavirus coffeae (CoRSV) can cause local or systemic symptoms in Chenopodium quinoa, depending on the temperature at which plants are kept after mechanical inoculation. What causes this change movement is still unknown. Increase and presence of viruses alter reactive oxygen species (ROS), may be a means explaining what enables movement. The levels hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), antioxidants enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) catalase (CAT)), malondialdehyde (MDA) were investigated C. quinoa inoculated with CoRSV under two conditions. Six treatments used: control (T1 T4), inoculation phosphate buffer (T2 T5) (T3 T6). After inoculation, from T1, T2, T3 greenhouse an average 25°C, T4, T5, T6 growth chamber 28°C. Leaf analyses performed 0, 3, 5 days (DAI). SOD remained high all treatments. However, 25°C showed higher H₂O₂ APX activity. Plants 28°C reduced H₂O₂, APX, CAT DAI, MDA levels. amount present these indicate that ROS escapes antioxidant system structural damage thus facilitating CoRSV.

Язык: Английский

---

Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations Reduce Tomato Mosaic Virus Severity in Tomato Plants

Plants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(5), С. 811 - 811

Опубликована: Март 5, 2025

Tomato mosaic disease, caused by tomato virus (ToMV), was studied under naturally elevated [CO2] concentrations to simulate the potential impacts of future climate scenarios on ToMV-tomato pathosystem. plants infected with ToMV were cultivated two distinct environments: (naturally enriched approximately 1000 μmol mol-1) and ambient (ambient atmospheric 420 mol-1). Key parameters, including phytopathological (disease index, gene expression), growth-related (plant height, leaf area), physiological traits (chlorophyll content, flavonoid levels, nitrogen balance index), monitored assess effects [CO2]. Elevated significantly reduced disease index from 2.4 1.7 Additionally, viral RNA expression notably lower in grown at compared those While infection led reductions chlorophyll content an increase levels [CO2], these largely mitigated Infected showed values for parameters that approached healthy These findings demonstrate helps mitigate contribute understanding how may influence tomato-ToMV interaction other plant-pathogen interactions.

Язык: Английский

---

Nano-Food Farming Approaches to Mitigate Heat Stress under Ongoing Climate Change: A Review

Agriculture, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(5), С. 656 - 656

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2024

Increased heat stress is a common feature of global climate change and can cause adverse impacts on crops from germination through maturation harvest. This review focuses the extreme (>35 °C) plants their physiology how they affect food water security. The emphasis what be done to minimize negative effects stress, which includes application various materials approaches. Nano-farming highlighted as one promising approach. Heat often combined with drought, salinity, other stresses, together whole agroecosystem, including soil, plants, water, farm animals, leading serious implications for resources. Indeed, there no single remedy or approach that overcome such grand issues. However, nano-farming part an adaptation strategy. More studies are needed verify potential benefits nanomaterials but also investigate any side-effects, particularly under intensive nanomaterials, problems this might create, nanotoxicity.

Язык: Английский

---

Climate Change Effects on Cucumber Viruses and Their Management

Agriculture, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(11), С. 1999 - 1999

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2024

The agricultural sector is facing unprecedented challenges as a result of climate change. As temperatures continue to rise and weather patterns shift, the dynamics plant–virus interactions are significantly altered, requiring innovative solutions ensure global food security. This review article examines relationship between change prevalence severity cucumber viral diseases, their impact on yield quality, subsequent economic implications, focusing critical pathogens such mosaic virus (CMV), leaf spot (CLSV), or vein yellowing (CVYV). It also aims provide comprehensive overview current state knowledge identify areas for future research development in response potential address these challenges. These include exploring virus-resistant varieties use RNA-based technologies control.

Язык: Английский

---

Adapting Fodder Oats to Climate Change: Enhancing Growth, Yield, and Microbial Dynamics under Elevated CO2 and Temperature

Environmental and Experimental Botany, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 106022 - 106022

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

---