Abstract
The
wide
spread
of
Perfluoroalkyl
substances
(e.g.,
PFOA
and
PFOS)
in
soil
can
alter
native
geochemical
properties
microbial
communities
through
various
approaches.
Nonetheless,
it
is
unclear
that
how
PFOS
affect
the
mineralization
organic
carbon
(SOC).
A
laboratory-scale
culture
experiment
(180
d)
was
performed
to
explore
contribution
SOC
dynamics
processes.
Results
showed
positive
priming
effect
(PE)
occurred
short
term
(i.e.,
30
days
after
addition)
subsequently
shifted
a
slightly
negative
PE
90
days)
remained
significant
thereafter
>
180
days).
PEs
caused
by
both
accelerated
consumption
dissolved
(DOC),
resulting
increase
(10.45%–127.36%)
under
short-term
incubation
(30
d).
As
for
long-term
exposure
(>
d),
rate
significantly
reduced
(58.30%–65.24%)
due
excessive
DOC
initial
stage.
High
throughput
analysis
indicated
changed
bacterial
fungal
community
structures,
altered
relevant
metabolic
pathways
resulted
enrichment
specific
taxa.
Graphical
Environmental Sciences Europe,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
35(1)
Опубликована: Март 23, 2023
Abstract
Background
Per-
and
polyfluorinated
alkyl
substances
(PFAS)
have
received
increasing
scientific
political
attention
in
recent
years.
Several
thousand
commercially
produced
compounds
are
used
numerous
products
technical
processes.
Due
to
their
extreme
persistence
the
environment,
humans
all
other
life
forms
are,
therefore,
increasingly
exposed
these
substances.
In
following
review,
PFAS
will
be
examined
comprehensively.
Results
The
best
studied
carboxylic
sulfonic
acids
with
chain
lengths
of
C4
C14,
particularly
perfluorooctanoic
acid
(PFOA)
perfluorooctane
(PFOS).
These
harmful
aquatic
fauna,
insects,
amphibians
at
concentrations
a
few
µg/L
or
less,
accumulate
organisms,
biomagnify
food
webs.
Humans,
as
final
link
chains,
subjected
uptake
primarily
through
drinking
water.
multiple
toxic
effects,
affecting
liver,
kidney,
thyroid,
immune
system.
latter
effect
is
basis
for
establishment
tolerable
weekly
dose
only
4.4
ng/kg
body
weight
sum
four
representatives
PFOA,
PFOS,
perfluorononanoic
(PFNA)
perfluorohexane
(PFHxS)
by
European
Food
Safety
Authority
(EFSA)
2020.
Exposure
estimates
human
biomonitoring
show
that
this
value
frequently
reached,
many
cases
exceeded.
major
challenge
analysis,
especially
waste:
single-substance
analyses
capture
fragment
large,
diverse
family
PFAS.
As
consequence,
parameters
gained
importance.
high
mobility
per
makes
soil
groundwater
pollution
contaminated
sites
problem.
general,
short-chain
more
mobile
than
long-chain
ones.
Processes
purification
water
treatment
often
ineffective
expensive.
Recycling
PFAS-containing
such
paper
packaging
leads
carryover
contaminants.
Incineration
requires
temperatures
completely
destroy
After
PFOS
perfluorinated
were
regulated
internationally,
manufacturers
users
switched
PFAS:
representatives,
per-
oxo
acids,
telomeric
alcohols
acids.
Analytical
studies
an
increase
environmental
chemicals.
Ultra-short
(chain
length
C1–C3)
not
been
well
studied.
Among
others,
trifluoroacetic
(TFA)
present
globally
rapidly
concentrations.
Conclusions
substitution
individual
recognized
hazardous
possibly
equally
virtually
unknown
chronic
toxicity
can,
solution.
answer
switch
fluorine-free
alternatives
applications
which
essential.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
18(23), С. 12550 - 12550
Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2021
Per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
are
highly
persistent
synthetic
organic
contaminants
that
can
cause
serious
human
health
concerns
such
as
obesity,
liver
damage,
kidney
cancer,
hypertension,
immunotoxicity
other
issues.
Integrated
crop–livestock
systems
combine
agricultural
crop
production
with
milk
and/or
meat
processing.
Key
sources
of
PFAS
in
these
include
firefighting
foams
near
military
bases,
wastewater
sludge
industrial
discharge.
regularly
move
from
soils
to
nearby
surface
water
groundwater
because
their
high
mobility
persistence.
Irrigating
crops
or
managing
livestock
for
using
adjacent
waters
be
detrimental
health.
The
presence
both
have
been
reported
dairy
states
(e.g.,
Wisconsin
New
Mexico)
across
the
United
States.
Although
there
is
a
limit
70
parts
per
trillion
drinking
by
U.S.
EPA,
not
yet
regional
screening
guidelines
conducting
risk
assessments
watering
well
soil
plant
matrix.
This
systematic
review
includes
(i)
sources,
impacts
challenges
integrated
systems,
(ii)
safety
measures
protocols
sampling
soil,
plants
determining
concentration
exposed
(iii)
assessment,
measurement
evaluation
risks
related
exposure.
ACS ES&T Engineering,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
3(9), С. 1308 - 1317
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023
The
destruction
of
per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
is
critical
to
ensure
effective
remediation
PFAS
contaminated
matrices.
hazardous
chemicals
within
incinerators
other
thermal
treatment
processes
has
historically
been
determined
by
calculating
the
efficiency
(DE)
or
removal
(DRE).
While
high
DEs,
>99.99%,
are
deemed
acceptable
for
most
compounds,
many
can
be
converted
at
low
temperatures
resulting
in
DEs
without
full
mineralization
potential
release
remaining
fluorocarbon
portions
environment.
Many
these
products
incomplete
combustion
(PICs)
greenhouse
gases,
have
unknown
toxicity,
some
react
create
new
perfluorocarboxylic
acids.
Experiments
using
aqueous
film
forming
foam
(AFFF)
a
pilot-scale
research
combustor
varied
environment
determine
if
indicate
mineralization.
Several
operating
conditions
above
1090
°C
resulted
few
detectable
fluorinated
PIC
emissions.
However,
several
below
1000
produced
>
99.99%
quantifiable
mg/m3
emission
concentrations
nonpolar
PICs.
These
results
suggest
that
DE
alone
may
not
best
indication
total
destruction,
additional
characterization
warranted.
