Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2024
Type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
is
a
chronic
metabolic
disease
caused
by
insulin
resistance
(IR)
and
insufficient
secretion.
Its
characteristic
pathophysiological
processes
involve
the
interaction
of
multiple
mechanisms.
In
recent
years,
globally,
prevalence
T2DM
has
shown
sharp
rise
due
to
profound
changes
in
socio-economic
structure,
persistent
influence
environmental
factors,
complex
role
genetic
background.
It
worth
noting
that
most
patients
show
significant
IR,
which
further
exacerbates
difficulty
progression
prevention.
process
extensively
exploring
pathogenesis
T2DM,
dynamic
equilibrium
gut
microbes
its
diverse
activities
have
increasingly
emphasized
central
T2DM.
Bile
acids
(BAs)
metabolism,
as
crucial
link
between
development
not
only
precisely
regulates
lipid
absorption
metabolism
but
also
profoundly
influences
glucose
homeostasis
energy
balance
through
intricate
signaling
pathways,
thus
playing
pivotal
IR
This
review
aims
delve
into
specific
mechanism
BAs
contribute
especially
emphasizing
how
mediate
transformation
based
on
current
traditional
Chinese
medicine
research.
Ultimately,
it
seeks
offer
new
insights
prevention
treatment
Diet,
genetics,
environment
intricately
sculpt
microbiota
influencing
T2DM-IR.
The
research
illuminated
impact
single
herbal
medicine,
TCM
formulae,
external
therapeutic
methods
such
electroacupuncture
pool
perturbations
structure.
affects
well
sensitivity.
Additionally,
pathways
including
BA-FXR-SHP,
BA-FXR-FGFR15/19,
BA-FXR-NLRP3,
BA-TGR5-GLP-1,
BAs-TGR5/FXR
been
identified
significantly
alter
blood
levels
improve
IR.
These
findings
novel
approaches
for
enhancing
managing
disorders
among
with
Diseases,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(5), С. 150 - 150
Опубликована: Май 14, 2025
Insulin
resistance
(IR)
is
a
key
metabolic
alteration
that
precedes
type
2
diabetes
and
closely
linked
to
obesity
lifestyle
factors.
Occupational
context
may
influence
IR
risk
through
variations
in
physical
activity,
diet,
socioeconomic
determinants.
To
compare
the
of
insulin
between
workers
commerce
industry
sectors
identify
associated
sociodemographic
factors,
order
improve
their
occupational
health.
This
cross-sectional
study
analyzed
data
from
56,856
Spanish
workers,
assessing
four
IR-related
indices:
Triglyceride-Glucose
Index
(TyG),
TyG-BMI
(Triglyceride-Glucose
Body
Mass
Index),
Metabolic
Score
for
Resistance
(METS-IR),
Single-Point
Sensitivity
Estimator
(SPISE-IR).
The
analysis
was
stratified
by
sex
sector
(commerce
vs.
industry)
included
assessments
age,
education
level,
adherence
Mediterranean
smoking
status.
Multinomial
logistic
regressions
were
performed
determine
factors
with
high
scores.
Across
all
indicators,
workers-particularly
men-presented
higher
mean
values
greater
prevalence
high-risk
scores
compared
those
commerce.
Women
showed
lower
overall
but
also
reflected
sector-based
differences.
In
both
sexes,
non-physical
non-adherence
consistently
risk.
Males
exhibited
significantly
odds
elevated
TyG
(OR
=
2.59,
95%
CI:
2.41-2.78),
while
inactivity
poor
diet
emerged
as
most
powerful
modifiable
predictors
across
scales
(e.g.,
OR
10.45
TyG,
12.33
TyG-BMI).
Industry
independently
more
prevalent
among
industrial
especially
men
unhealthy
lifestyles.
health
strategies
should
target
sector-specific
profiles,
emphasizing
activity
dietary
interventions.
Intestinal
diseases
are
highly
prevalent,
affecting
millions
worldwide
and
significantly
contributing
to
global
morbidity.
The
treatment
of
complex
disorders,
such
as
inflammatory
bowel
disease
(IBD)
colorectal
cancer
(CRC),
remains
challenging
due
multifactorial
etiologies,
diverse
patient
responses,
the
limitations
current
therapeutic
strategies.
Although
gut
microbiota
clearly
plays
a
role
in
regulating
onset
intestinal
diseases,
few
studies
have
explored
epigenetic
factors
by
which
contributes
development.
Here,
latest
insights
into
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
bidirectional
influence
between
modifications
discussed,
including
DNA
methylation,
histone
modifications,
non-coding
RNAs,
N6-methyladenosine
(m6A).
Importantly,
mechanistic
based
on
animal
models
or
human
cells
demonstrated
that
microbiota,
other
environmental
factors,
targeted
gene
expression
activate
immune
pathways
through
host
dysregulation,
closely
associated
with
development
IBD
CRC.
Furthermore,
potential
microbiome
interventions,
probiotics,
prebiotics
postbiotics,
fecal
transplantation
(FMT),
dietary
phage
therapy,
been
proposed
innovative
strategies
correct
these
abnormal
patterns
diseases.
Overall,
addressing
dysbiosis
its
consequences
presents
promising
frontier
offering
not
only
restore
microbial
balance
but
also
provide
more
personalized
for
better
outcomes.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(18), С. 9826 - 9826
Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2024
Itaconic
acid
(IA)
is
recognized
for
its
potential
application
in
treating
intestinal
diseases
owing
to
the
anti-inflammatory
and
antioxidant
properties.
Perfluorooctanoic
(PFOA)
can
accumulate
animals
result
oxidative
inflammatory
damages
multi-tissue
organ,
particularly
tract.
This
study
aimed
explore
whether
IA
could
mitigate
damage
induced
by
PFOA
exposure
laying
hens
elucidate
underlying
mechanisms.
The
results
showed
that
improved
capacity
of
alleviated
PFOA,
as
evidenced
elevated
activities
T-SOD,
GSH-Px,
CAT,
decreased
MDA
content
both
jejunum
serum.
Furthermore,
morphological
structural
integrity,
notably
attenuating
PFOA-induced
villus
shedding,
length
reduction,
microvillus
thinning.
also
upregulated
mRNA
expression
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
38(11)
Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2024
Abstract
Erythrosine,
a
synthetic
food
dye,
has
been
controversial
due
to
its
potential
health
risks.
This
study
examines
the
effect
of
erythrosine
on
activity
antioxidative
enzymes,
oxidative
stress
indices,
DNA
damage
through
comet
assay,
and
histopathological
changes
stomach,
intestine,
colon
over
period
28
days
in
rats.
Twenty‐four
rats
were
randomly
divided
into
four
groups
(
n
=
6).
The
first
is
control
group
then
one
each
for
three
doses
based
acceptable
daily
intake
(¼
ADI,
½
0.1
mg/kg
body
weight).
results
revealed
that
with
increasing
dosages
catalase
decreased
stomach
intestine
but
colon,
increased.
Superoxide
dismutase
glutathione‐S‐transferase
dose‐dependent
manner
all
tissues.
While,
acetylcholinesterase
showed
increment
¼
ADI
dose
declined
dose‐administered
indicators
elevated
levels
lipid
peroxidation,
hydrogen
peroxide
concentration,
lactate
dehydrogenase
suggesting
heightened
free
radical
damage.
test
was
used
evaluate
damage,
revealing
substantial
administered
groups.
Histopathological
examination
inflammatory
infiltration
other
degenerative
gastrointestinal
tract,
highlighting
dye's
adverse
effects.
research
underscores
need
comprehensive
reevaluation
safety
toxicity
dyes
like
erythrosine,
especially
considering
inconsistencies
existing
studies
regarding
safety.
Genes,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(6), С. 729 - 729
Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2024
Background:
Unbalances
in
the
gut
microbiota
have
been
proposed
as
a
possible
cause
of
esophageal
cancer
(ESCA),
yet
exact
causal
relationship
remains
unclear.
Purpose:
To
investigate
potential
between
and
ESCA
with
Mendelian
randomization
(MR)
analysis.
Methods:
Genome-wide
association
studies
(GWASs)
207
microbial
taxa
(5
phyla,
10
classes,
13
orders,
26
families,
48
genera,
105
species)
205
metabolic
pathways
conducted
by
Dutch
Microbiome
Project
(DMP)
FinnGen
cohort
GWAS
specified
summary
statistics.
possibility
mediation
effect
ESCA,
MR
analyses
were
performed
for
1091
blood
metabolites
309
metabolite
ratios.
Results:
analysis
indicated
that
relative
abundance
was
associated
but
all
12
no
statistically
significant
existing.
Two
ratio
discovered
to
be
mediating
factors
pathway
from
ESCA.
Conclusion:
This
research
effects
offered
genetic
evidence
favor
correlation
