Environmental Health Insights, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

This systematic review investigates the association between environmental pollutants and risk of diarrhea, a critical public health issue, particularly in low- middle-income countries. The synthesizes findings from various studies that highlight impact contaminants such as pesticides, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), microplastics, parabens on gastrointestinal health. Following PRISMA guidelines, comprehensive literature search across databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar yielded 496 articles, which 11 met inclusion criteria for detailed analysis. results indicate significant correlation exposure to specific pollutants—particularly pesticides like dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), PAHs, arsenic, cadmium, microplastics—and increased incidences diarrhea. Notably, revealed prenatal DDT is linked higher diarrhea rates among boys urban settings, while pesticide childhood correlates with inflammatory bowel disease adulthood. Mechanistically, these may disrupt function through cholinergic effects endocrine disruption, leading altered gut motility microbiome imbalances. Moreover, emphasizes immunosuppressive metals mercury compromise immune response increase susceptibility infections. Despite identified associations, there notable gap research regarding geographic distribution pollutant impacts outcomes. underscores necessity interventions aimed at reducing mitigate their adverse effects. In conclusion, this highlights urgent need further epidemiological underrepresented areas enhance our understanding how influence globally. Recommendations include rigorous monitoring levels, initiatives reduce exposure, policies restrict emissions harmful substances. Addressing pollution crucial mitigating diarrheal diseases protecting vulnerable populations its detrimental

Язык: Английский