The physical oceanography of the transport of floating marine debris

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 15(2), С. 023003 - 023003

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2020

Abstract Marine plastic debris floating on the ocean surface is a major environmental problem. However, its distribution in poorly mapped, and most of waste estimated to have entered from land unaccounted for. Better understanding how transported coastal marine sources crucial quantify close global inventory plastics, which turn represents critical information for mitigation or policy strategies. At same time, unique tracer that provides an opportunity learn more about physics dynamics our across multiple scales, Ekman convergence basin-scale gyres individual waves surfzone. In this review, we comprehensively discuss what known different processes govern transport both open zones, based published literature referring insights neighbouring fields such as oil spill dispersion, safety recovery, plankton connectivity, others. We measurements plastics (both situ laboratory), remote sensing, numerical simulations can elucidate these their interactions spatio-temporal scales.

Язык: Английский

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Lagrangian ocean analysis: Fundamentals and practices

Ocean Modelling, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 121, С. 49 - 75

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2017

Lagrangian analysis is a powerful way to analyse the output of ocean circulation models and other velocity data such as from altimetry. In approach, large sets virtual particles are integrated within three-dimensional, time-evolving fields. Over several decades, variety tools methods for this purpose have emerged. Here, we review state art in field data, starting fundamental kinematic framework with focus on large-scale open applications. Beyond use explicit fields, consider influence unresolved physics dynamics particle trajectories. We comprehensively list discuss currently available tracking particles. then showcase some innovative applications trajectory conclude questions an outlook. The overall goal paper reconcile different techniques analysis, while recognising rich diversity codes that continue emerge, challenges coming age petascale computing.

Язык: Английский

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The Parcels v2.0 Lagrangian framework: new field interpolation schemes

Geoscientific model development, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 12(8), С. 3571 - 3584

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2019

Abstract. With the increasing number of data produced by numerical ocean models, so increases need for efficient tools to analyse these data. One is Lagrangian analysis, where a set virtual particles released and their dynamics are integrated in time based on fields defining state, including hydrodynamics biogeochemistry if available. This popular methodology needs adapt large variety models producing at different formats. precisely aim Parcels, analysis framework designed combine (1) wide flexibility model natures (2) an implementation accordance with modern computing infrastructure. In new Parcels v2.0, we implement interpolation schemes read various types discretized fields, from rectilinear curvilinear grids horizontal direction, z s levels vertical direction using grid staggering Arakawa A, B C grids. particular, develop scheme three-dimensional its properties. v2.0 capabilities, suite meta-field objects, then illustrated brief study distribution floating microplastic northwest European continental shelf sensitivity physical processes.

Язык: Английский

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Antarctica’s ecological isolation will be broken by storm-driven dispersal and warming

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 8(8), С. 704 - 708

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2018

Язык: Английский

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OpenDrift v1.0: a generic framework for trajectory modelling

Geoscientific model development, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 11(4), С. 1405 - 1420

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2018

Abstract. OpenDrift is an open-source Python-based framework for Lagrangian particle modelling under development at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute with contributions from wider scientific community. The highly generic and modular, designed to be used any type of drift calculations in ocean or atmosphere. A specific module within corresponds a model traditional sense. number modules have already been developed, including oil module, stochastic search-and-rescue pelagic egg basic atmospheric drift. allows ingestion unspecified forcing fields (scalar vectorial) various sources, Eulerian ocean, atmosphere wave models, but also measurements priori values same variables. backtracking mechanism inherent, using sign reversal total displacement vector negative time stepping. fast simple set up use on Linux, Mac Windows environments, can minimal no Python experience. It flexibility, researchers may easily adapt write their purpose. performance, simulations millions particles performed laptop. Further, robustness daily operational emergency preparedness (oil drift, search rescue, drifting ships) Institute.

Язык: Английский

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Parcels v0.9: prototyping a Lagrangian ocean analysis framework for the petascale age

Geoscientific model development, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 10(11), С. 4175 - 4186

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2017

Abstract. As ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) move into the petascale age, where output of single simulations exceeds petabytes storage space, tools to analyse these will need scale up too. Lagrangian analysis, virtual particles are tracked through hydrodynamic fields, is an increasingly popular way OGCM output, by mapping pathways and connectivity biotic abiotic particulates. However, current software stack analysis codes not dynamic enough cope with increasing complexity, for customization use-cases. Furthermore, most community developed stand-alone use, making it a nontrivial task integrate at runtime OGCM. Here, we introduce new Parcels code, which was designed from ground be sufficiently scalable computing. We highlight its API design that combines flexibility ability optimize HPC workflows, following paradigm domain-specific languages. primarily written in Python, utilizing wide range available scientific Python ecosystem, while generating low-level C code using just-in-time compilation performance-critical computation. show worked-out example API, validate accuracy against seven idealized test cases. This version 0.9 focused on laying out future work concentrating support curvilinear grids, optimization, efficiency at-runtime coupling OGCMs.

Язык: Английский

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Spiraling pathways of global deep waters to the surface of the Southern Ocean

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2017

Upwelling of global deep waters to the sea surface in Southern Ocean closes overturning circulation and is fundamentally important for oceanic uptake carbon heat, nutrient resupply sustaining biological production, melt rate ice shelves. However, exact pathways role topography upwelling remain largely unknown. Here we show detailed three dimensions, using hydrographic observations particle tracking high-resolution models. The analysis reveals that northern-sourced enter Antarctic Circumpolar Current via southward flow along boundaries ocean basins, before spiraling southeastward upward through Current. greatly enhanced at five major topographic features, associated with vigorous mesoscale eddy activity. Deep water reaches upper predominantly south Current, a spatially nonuniform distribution. timescale half upwell from 30° S mixed layer ~60-90 years.Deep Atlantic, Pacific Indian Oceans Oceanbut are not fully characterized. authors present dimensional view showing spiralling path, by eddy-transport hotspots.

Язык: Английский

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Aquatic Landscape Genomics and Environmental Effects on Genetic Variation

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 34(7), С. 641 - 654

Опубликована: Март 20, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Evolution of the Macondo Well Blowout: Simulating the Effects of the Circulation and Synthetic Dispersants on the Subsea Oil Transport

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 46(24), С. 13293 - 13302

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2012

During the Deepwater Horizon incident, crude oil flowed into Gulf of Mexico from 1522 m underwater. In an effort to prevent rising surface, synthetic dispersants were applied at wellhead. However, uncertainties in formation droplets and difficulties measuring their size water column, complicated further assessment potential effect dispersant on subsea-to-surface partition. We adapted a coupled hydrodynamic stochastic buoyant particle-tracking model transport fate hydrocarbon fractions simulated far-field intrusion depth. The evaluated represented baseline for numerical experiments where we varied distributions particle sizes thus mass. allowed quantify relative effects chemical dispersion, vertical currents, inertial buoyancy motion rise velocities. present plausible scenario, some is trapped depth through shear emulsification due particular conditions Macondo blowout. Assuming effective mixing wellhead, indicates that submerged mass shifted deeper, decreasing only marginally amount surfacing. this rises slowly surface or stays immersed. This suggests other mechanisms may have contributed rapid surfacing oil-gas mixture observed initially. study also reveals local topographic processes influence eddies multiple layers. approach provides novel insights deep blowouts gauging subsea use mitigating coastal damage.

Язык: Английский

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Modelling dispersal and connectivity of broadcast spawning corals at the global scale

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 23(1), С. 1 - 11

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2013

Abstract Aim We develop the first global model of connectivity for a generic broadcast spawning coral, and compare results to estimates from genetic studies, general biogeographic patterns theories. also derive various ‘connectivity indices’ describing relative isolation source potential between locations. Location Modelled oceans 47° S –47° N . Methods Dispersal coral ‘larvae’ was simulated over 8 years using an individual‐based biophysical dispersal driven by 1/12°‐resolution surface ocean current data incorporating individual trait variability (e.g. phased pre‐competency period). Source arrival locations modelled larvae on suitable reef habitat gave standardized paths levels connectivity. Results In c 50% connections occurred within 50–100 km, with rarer regions linking entire in ‘stepping stone’ fashion. The central P acific almost complete barrier dispersal, only rarely breached westward G alapagos M arquesas I slands. Areas showing strong included H awaii, E aster sland, R ed ea eastern A tlantic. ndo‐ W est reat B arrier eef showed highest connectivity, secondary peaks western ndian O cean, corresponding areas enriched diversity. diversity hotspot overall greater than sink dispersal. Conclusions This study provides view that complements work as well providing number novel findings relevant theories source; J ohnston toll sole ‘stepping‐stone’ into awaii). Discrepancies proposed one‐way, westward, across acific) present hypotheses future research. represents effective tool exploring factors controlling this scale effects climate change will aid predictions distributions.

Язык: Английский

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