Buildings,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(1), С. 169 - 169
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2023
Increasing
awareness
of
climate
issues
in
recent
decades
has
led
to
new
policies
on
buildings’
energy
consumption
and
performance.
The
European
Union
(EU)
directive
2010/31/EC,
i.e.,
the
performance
buildings
(EPBD),
is
one
measures
initiated
achieve
goals
by
reducing
use
greenhouse
gas
emissions
building
sector.
EPBD
required
all
be
nearly
zero-energy
(nZEBs)
2021.
Nearly
are
with
a
very-high-energy
zero
or
low-energy
requirements
covered
very
significant
extent
from
renewable
sources
produced
on-site
nearby.
utilisation
solar
photovoltaic
(PV)
panels
common
approach
for
achieving
nZEB
standard.
carbon
footprint
PV
often
not
discussed
as
parameter.
This
paper
aimed
analyse
environmental
an
existing
university
Norwegian
case
scenario.
analysis
performed
assessing
annual
electricity
heat
both
energetic
perspectives.
during
studied
period
then
used
building.
When
it
comes
assessment,
commercial
software
SimaPro
was
used.
proposed
revision
definition
2021
suggests
that
nZEBs
should
also
consider
operational
life-cycle
global
warming
potential
2027.
life
cycle
assessment
(LCA)
building’s
looks
at
(GWP)
(GHG)
emissions,
how
they
compare
grid
electricity.
results
highlights
challenges
justifying
alternative
fulfil
criteria
nZEBs.
installing
PV,
important
mix
country
where
PVs
produced.
To
solely
building,
installation
countries
high
share
may
result
reduced
impact
terms
emission
reduction
perspective.
Energies,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
15(20), С. 7472 - 7472
Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2022
For
heritage
buildings,
energy-efficient
retrofitting
cannot
be
applied
with
the
same
range
of
possibilities
as
existing
buildings.
Applying
such
improvements
to
buildings
can
challenging
due
their
historic
and/or
cultural
significance
and
non-standard
construction
methods.
This
paper
reviews
technical
challenges
potential
applying
energy
efficient
retrofit
elements
in
The
measures
reviewed
are
draught-proofing,
windows,
insulation,
ventilation,
heating,
solar
photovoltaics
phase
change
materials.
It
is
possible
significantly
reduce
use
retrofits.
However,
there
no
universal
way
apply
which
apparent
literature,
where
case
studies
prevalent.
Energy and Buildings,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
293, С. 113201 - 113201
Опубликована: Май 25, 2023
This
paper
analyzes
electricity
use
in
buildings
and
explores
key
research
questions
related
to
assessing,
rating,
labeling,
benchmarking
building
energy
use.
The
analysis
reviews
annual
Energy
Use
Intensity
(EUI)
data
from
3060
fully
electric-powered
across
six
categories:
residential,
educational,
offices,
hospitals,
hotels
restaurants,
wholesale
retail
trade
services.
One-fifth
of
the
analyzed
is
derived
an
dataset
that
offers
a
higher
time-scale
resolution,
providing
more
detailed
insights
into
usage
patterns.
employs
various
factors,
including
seasonal
variation
factor
(SVF),
daily
(DVF),
monthly
(Mf),
hourly
(Hf),
gain
understanding
actual
at
different
time
scales.
findings
indicate
less
sensitive
variations
than
other
carriers
provide
heating
cooling.
provides
peak
load
percentages
(PPL),
which
can
indirectly
assist
assessing
schedules
for
performance
simulations.
pattern
varies
between
categories,
with
high-energy
months
alternating
winter
summer.
For
non-residential
buildings,
hours
correspond
directly
daytime,
while
residential
there
shift
towards
evening,
amplitude
lower.
Furthermore,
variability
carriers,
even
if
non-electric,
sheds
light
on
implications
electrification
these
loads.
Buildings,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(1), С. 169 - 169
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2023
Increasing
awareness
of
climate
issues
in
recent
decades
has
led
to
new
policies
on
buildings’
energy
consumption
and
performance.
The
European
Union
(EU)
directive
2010/31/EC,
i.e.,
the
performance
buildings
(EPBD),
is
one
measures
initiated
achieve
goals
by
reducing
use
greenhouse
gas
emissions
building
sector.
EPBD
required
all
be
nearly
zero-energy
(nZEBs)
2021.
Nearly
are
with
a
very-high-energy
zero
or
low-energy
requirements
covered
very
significant
extent
from
renewable
sources
produced
on-site
nearby.
utilisation
solar
photovoltaic
(PV)
panels
common
approach
for
achieving
nZEB
standard.
carbon
footprint
PV
often
not
discussed
as
parameter.
This
paper
aimed
analyse
environmental
an
existing
university
Norwegian
case
scenario.
analysis
performed
assessing
annual
electricity
heat
both
energetic
perspectives.
during
studied
period
then
used
building.
When
it
comes
assessment,
commercial
software
SimaPro
was
used.
proposed
revision
definition
2021
suggests
that
nZEBs
should
also
consider
operational
life-cycle
global
warming
potential
2027.
life
cycle
assessment
(LCA)
building’s
looks
at
(GWP)
(GHG)
emissions,
how
they
compare
grid
electricity.
results
highlights
challenges
justifying
alternative
fulfil
criteria
nZEBs.
installing
PV,
important
mix
country
where
PVs
produced.
To
solely
building,
installation
countries
high
share
may
result
reduced
impact
terms
emission
reduction
perspective.
