Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 104670 - 104670

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

We present a review about histological sub-lethal effects due to anthropogenic contaminants on the midgut of bees and other aculeate hymenopterans. Contaminant types, damage methodology were extracted summarized from 74 published articles, then quantitatively analyzed. found that western honeybee (Apis mellifera) is by far most widely used model. Contaminants have largely been tested under laboratory conditions, particularly insecticides fungicides. Tissue-level (e.g., degradation epithelium peritrophic membrane) often detected together with cell-level cell vacuolisation, karyorrhexis). Descriptive statistics mixed models suggested herbicides may cause specific mix alterations an overall lower severity compared pesticides, while combined use light electron microscopy seemed detect more types. claim for efforts reduce biases in future studies such effects, allowing their clearer as markers human activities.

Язык: Английский