Advances in Materials Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
24(3), С. 30 - 55
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024
Abstract
Shape
memory
or
stimuli
responsive
polymers
have
established
a
unique
grouping
of
smart
materials.
The
technical
merit
these
has
been
evaluated
in
aerospace
sector,
since
last
few
decades.
Particularly,
the
render
inherent
competences
to
recuperate
structural
damages
exterior/interior
space
architectures.
In
this
context,
both
thermoplastics
as
well
thermosetting
depicted
essential
behaviour.
As
interpreted
state-of
the-art
review,
carbonaceous
reinforcement
like
carbon
fibers
and
nano-reinforcements
including
nanocarbons
(graphene,
nanotube)
employed
shape
recovering
matrices.
performance
ensuing
retrieving
materials
was
seemed
be
reliant
on
polymer
chain
crosslinking
effects,
filler/nanofiller
dispersal/alignment,
microstructural
specs,
interfacial
contour
interactions,
processing
techniques
used.
Consequently,
actuations
polymer/carbon
fiber
composites
were
found
instigated
upgraded
through
inclusion
nanocarbon
nano-additives.
high-tech
composites/nanocomposites
anomalous
significance
for
various
aero-structural
units
(fuselage,
wings,
antennas,
engines,
etc.)
due
prevention
possible
thermal/shock/impact
damages.
Future
implications
demands
minimizing
structure-property-performance
challenges
large
scale
fabrication
industrial
utilizations.
way,
deployment
nanofiller/filler
based
revealed
enormous
worth
low
density,
anti-fatigue/wear,
anti-corrosion,
non-flammability,
self-healing,
extended
durability
long
life
operations.
However,
there
are
certain
associated
with
use
nanocomposites
field
markedly
adoption
appropriate
coating
technique,
aggregation
aptitude
nanocarbons,
additional
steps/cost,
nanoparticle
initiated
invisible
defects/voids,
difficulty
machinability
operations
presence
nanoparticles,
corrosion
risk
composite
structures
contact
metal
surfaces.
By
overcoming
hinderances,
nanoparticles
modified
can
promising
towards
new
look
upcoming
modernized
industry.
Abstract
Conductive
polymer
hydrogels
(CPHs)
are
gaining
considerable
attention
in
developing
wearable
electronics
due
to
their
unique
combination
of
high
conductivity
and
softness.
However,
the
absence
interactions,
incompatibility
between
hydrophobic
conductive
polymers
(CPs)
hydrophilic
networks
gives
rise
inadequate
bonding
CPs
hydrogel
matrices,
thereby
significantly
impairing
mechanical
electrical
properties
CPHs
constraining
utility
electronic
sensors.
Therefore,
endow
with
good
performance,
it
is
necessary
ensure
a
stable
robust
network
CPs.
Encouragingly,
recent
research
has
demonstrated
that
incorporating
supramolecular
interactions
into
enhances
interaction,
improving
overall
CPH
performance.
comprehensive
review
focusing
on
(SCPH)
for
sensing
applications
currently
lacking.
This
provides
summary
typical
strategies
employed
development
high‐performance
elucidates
SCPHs
closely
associated
Moreover,
discusses
fabrication
methods
classification
SCPH
sensors,
while
also
exploring
latest
application
scenarios
Finally,
challenges
sensors
offers
suggestions
future
advancements.
Small Structures,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 27, 2025
Conductive
hydrogels
provide
a
flexible
platform
technology
that
enables
the
development
of
personalized
materials
for
various
neuronal
diagnostic
and
therapeutic
applications,
combining
complementary
properties
conductive
hydrogels.
By
ensuring
conductivity
through
materials,
largely
compensate
rigidity
traditional
inorganic
making
them
suitable
substitute.
To
adapt
to
different
working
environments,
exhibit
excellent
properties,
such
as
mechanical
adhesion,
biocompatibility,
which
further
expand
their
applications.
This
review
summarizes
fabrication
methods,
applications
in
neural
interfaces.
Finally,
prevailing
challenges
outlines
future
directions
field
interfaces
are
provided,
emphasizing
need
interdisciplinary
research
address
issues
long‐term
stability
scalability
production.
Gels,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
11(4), С. 258 - 258
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Conductive
hydrogels,
integrating
high
conductivity,
mechanical
flexibility,
and
biocompatibility,
have
emerged
as
crucial
materials
driving
the
evolution
of
next-generation
wearable
sensors.
Their
unique
ability
to
establish
seamless
interfaces
with
biological
tissues
enables
real-time
acquisition
physiological
signals,
external
stimuli,
even
therapeutic
feedback,
paving
way
for
intelligent
health
monitoring
personalized
medical
interventions.
To
fully
harness
their
potential,
significant
efforts
been
dedicated
tailoring
conductive
networks,
properties,
environmental
stability
these
hydrogels
through
rational
design
systematic
optimization.
This
review
comprehensively
summarizes
strategies
categorized
into
metal-based,
carbon-based,
polymer-based,
ionic,
hybrid
systems.
For
each
type,
highlights
structural
principles,
conductivity
enhancement,
approaches
simultaneously
enhance
robustness
long-term
under
complex
environments.
Furthermore,
emerging
applications
in
sensing
systems
are
thoroughly
discussed,
covering
signal
monitoring,
mechano-responsive
platforms,
closed-loop
diagnostic–therapeutic
Finally,
this
identifies
key
challenges
offers
future
perspectives
guide
development
multifunctional,
intelligent,
scalable
hydrogel
sensors,
accelerating
translation
advanced
flexible
electronics
smart
healthcare
technologies.
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
5(7), С. 5707 - 5715
Опубликована: Июль 6, 2023
Conductive
hydrogels,
which
are
considered
to
be
a
promising
material
for
human
motion
detection
sensors,
often
display
low
flexibility,
limited
elongation,
and
non-adhesive
properties.
Herein,
multifunctional
hydrogel
with
self-adhesive,
highly
stretchable,
conductive
properties
was
developed
by
introducing
polydopamine
(DA)
carbon
fiber
(CF)
into
polyacrylamide
(PAAm)
hydrogel.
The
DA
polymerized
oxygen
form
(PDA),
the
PDA-CF-PAAm
hybrid-crosslinked
covalent
bonds
recoverable
non-covalent
including
hydrogen
π-π
stacking.
Therefore,
prepared
exhibits
high
reversible
stretchability.
Additionally,
demonstrates
adhesiveness
on
various
substrate
surfaces,
such
as
paper,
glass,
rubber,
biological
tissue
surfaces
due
catechol
groups
of
PDA.
Furthermore,
obtained
is
because
addition
CF.
As
result,
can
directly
adhered
skin
strain
sensor
monitor
body
motion.
This
work
may
expand
scope
preparation
flexible
wearable
devices.
