Abstract.
Drought
and
heat
events
are
becoming
more
frequent
in
Europe
due
to
human-induced
climate
change,
affecting
many
aspects
of
human
well-being
ecosystem
functioning.
However,
the
intensity
these
drought
is
not
spatially
temporally
uniform.
Understanding
spatial
variability
impacts
important
information
for
decision
makers,
supporting
both
planning
preparations
cope
with
changing
climatic
conditions.
Currently,
data
relating
damage
caused
by
extended
episodes
scattered
across
languages
sources
such
as
scientific
publications,
governmental
reports
media.
In
this
review
paper,
we
compiled
damages
2018
until
2022
forest
ecosystems
relate
it
large
European
sets,
providing
support
making
on
regional
levels.
We
partitioned
from
16
countries
following
regions:
Northern,
Central,
Alpine,
South.
focused
forests,
categorized
them
(1)
physiological
(2)
pest,
(3)
fire
damage.
were
able
identify
key
trends:
Relative
defoliation
rates
broadleaves
higher
than
conifers
every
country
exception
Czech
Republic
incidence
wood
destroyed
insects
extremely
high
Central
Sweden
Although
fires
can
be
related
drought,
they
superimposed
other
anthropogenic
influences
(4)
period
(2018–2022),
forests
central
particularly
affected,
while
Northern
Alpine
zones
less
adaptations
still
observed
Southern
zone.
(5)
several
regions
2021
was
an
average
year
levels
indicating
strong
legacy
effects
2018–2020.
note
that
inventory
should
continuously
updated
new
appear.
Natural hazards and earth system sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
25(1), С. 77 - 117
Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025
Abstract.
Drought
and
heat
events
in
Europe
are
becoming
increasingly
frequent
due
to
human-induced
climate
change,
impacting
both
human
well-being
ecosystem
functioning.
The
intensity
effects
of
these
vary
across
the
continent,
making
it
crucial
for
decision-makers
understand
spatial
variability
drought
impacts.
Data
on
drought-related
damage
currently
dispersed
scientific
publications,
government
reports,
media
outlets.
This
study
consolidates
data
European
forests
from
2018
2022,
using
Europe-wide
datasets
including
those
related
crown
defoliation,
insect
damage,
burnt
forest
areas,
tree
cover
loss.
data,
covering
16
countries,
were
analysed
four
regions,
northern,
central,
Alpine,
southern,
compared
with
a
reference
period
2010
2014.
Findings
reveal
that
all
zones
experienced
reduced
vitality
elevated
temperatures,
varying
severity.
Central
showed
highest
vulnerability,
coniferous
deciduous
trees.
southern
zone,
while
affected
by
loss,
demonstrated
greater
resilience,
likely
historical
exposure.
northern
zone
is
experiencing
emerging
impacts
less
severely,
possibly
site-adapted
boreal
species,
Alpine
minimal
impact,
suggesting
protective
effect
altitude.
Key
trends
include
(1)
significant
loss
zones;
(2)
high
levels
despite
2021
being
an
average
year,
indicating
lasting
previous
years;
(3)
notable
challenges
central
Sweden
bark
beetle
infestations;
(4)
no
increase
wildfire
severity
ongoing
challenges.
Based
this
assessment,
we
conclude
(i)
highly
vulnerable
heat,
even
resilient
ecosystems
at
risk
severe
damage;
(ii)
tailored
strategies
essential
mitigate
change
forests,
incorporating
regional
differences
resilience;
(iii)
effective
management
requires
harmonised
collection
enhanced
monitoring
address
future
comprehensively.
Abstract.
Drought
and
heat
events
are
becoming
more
frequent
in
Europe
due
to
human-induced
climate
change,
affecting
many
aspects
of
human
well-being
ecosystem
functioning.
However,
the
intensity
these
drought
is
not
spatially
temporally
uniform.
Understanding
spatial
variability
impacts
important
information
for
decision
makers,
supporting
both
planning
preparations
cope
with
changing
climatic
conditions.
Currently,
data
relating
damage
caused
by
extended
episodes
scattered
across
languages
sources
such
as
scientific
publications,
governmental
reports
media.
In
this
review
paper,
we
compiled
damages
2018
until
2022
forest
ecosystems
relate
it
large
European
sets,
providing
support
making
on
regional
levels.
We
partitioned
from
16
countries
following
regions:
Northern,
Central,
Alpine,
South.
focused
forests,
categorized
them
(1)
physiological
(2)
pest,
(3)
fire
damage.
were
able
identify
key
trends:
Relative
defoliation
rates
broadleaves
higher
than
conifers
every
country
exception
Czech
Republic
incidence
wood
destroyed
insects
extremely
high
Central
Sweden
Although
fires
can
be
related
drought,
they
superimposed
other
anthropogenic
influences
(4)
period
(2018–2022),
forests
central
particularly
affected,
while
Northern
Alpine
zones
less
adaptations
still
observed
Southern
zone.
(5)
several
regions
2021
was
an
average
year
levels
indicating
strong
legacy
effects
2018–2020.
note
that
inventory
should
continuously
updated
new
appear.
Abstract
Habitat
quality
and
quantity
play
a
vital
role
in
maintaining
ecosystems
populations
of
target
species,
deep
understanding
features
metrics
within
the
landscape
is
required
to
determine
them.
This
chapter
reviews
complexities
involved
assessment
these
support
evidence-based
conservation
strategies
long-term
ecosystem
sustainability.
Evaluating
habitat
related
structural
diversity,
management,
natural
disturbance
legacy,
species
richness
diversity
as
well
presence
indicator
or
umbrella
species.
Generally,
complex
stand
structures
abundance
veteran
trees
deadwood
indicate
with
higher
levels
overall
biodiversity
stability.
The
non-linear
relationship
between
population
viability
size
emphasizes
need
for
landscape-level
management.
Viability
decreases
significantly
when
ecological
capacity
minimum
viable
exceeded,
recognizing
this
tipping
point
therefore
crucial
conservation.
means
that
assessed
single
variable
insufficient
quality,
wider
range
like
connectivity
should
be
considered
management
at
level.
Remote Sensing,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(16), С. 4116 - 4116
Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2023
Accurate
forest
parameters
are
crucial
for
ecological
protection,
resource
management
and
sustainable
development.
The
rapid
development
of
remote
sensing
can
retrieve
such
as
the
leaf
area
index,
cluster
diameter
at
breast
height
(DBH)
tree
different
scales
(e.g.,
plots
stands).
Although
some
LiDAR
satellites
GEDI
ICESAT-2
measure
average
in
a
certain
area,
there
is
still
lack
effective
means
obtaining
individual
using
high-resolution
satellite
data,
especially
DBH.
objective
this
study
to
explore
capability
2D
image-based
features
(texture
spectrum)
estimating
DBH
tree.
Firstly,
we
acquired
unmanned
aerial
vehicle
(UAV)
point
cloud
data
UAV
RGB
imagery,
from
which
digital
photography
(DAP)
were
generated
structure-from-motion
(SfM)
method.
Next,
performed
segmentation
extracted
crown
boundaries
DAP
respectively.
Subsequently,
eight
textural
spectral
metrics
3D
point-cloud-based
(tree
diameters)
each
Then,
correlation
coefficients
between
metric
reference
calculated.
Finally,
capabilities
these
models,
including
multiple
linear
regression
(MLR),
random
(RF)
support
vector
machine
(SVM),
estimation
quantitatively
evaluated
compared.
results
showed
that:
(1)
had
strongest
with
Among
them,
highest
coefficient
−0.582
was
observed
dissimilarity,
variance
When
alone,
estimated
accuracy
highest,
RMSE
only
0.032
RMSE%
16.879%
MLR
model;
(2)
Simply
feeding
multi-features,
textural,
structural
metrics,
into
learning
models
could
not
have
led
optimal
estimations;
on
contrary,
it
even
reduce
accuracy.
In
general,
indicated
that
great
potential
estimations,
help
improve
efficiently
meticulously
monitor
manage
forests
large
scale.
Ecological Indicators,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
163, С. 112111 - 112111
Опубликована: Май 9, 2024
The
composition,
structure
and
distribution
of
vegetation
are
influenced
by
diverse
environmental
factors.
Such
research
inquiries
provide
the
initial
data
for
future
conservation
management
efforts.
study
area
North
Waziristan
district,
Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa,
Pakistan
comprises
forests
Spin
Ghar
Mountain
Range
(at
border
areas
Afghanistan),
a
highly
remote,
mountainous,
unexplored
region.
There
was
little
information
on
complex
relationships
that
existed
between
area's
ambient
environment
vegetation.
This
hypothesized
varying
complexity
in
variety
may
be
significantly
correlated,
ranking
leading
influencing
factors
might
enhance
our
ecological
understanding.
A
total
61
sites
comprising
183
transects
(50
m
each)
were
randomly
selected
to
record
vegetation-environment
from
January-2018
December-2020
(3
years).
Monte
Carlo
permutation
testing,
hierarchical
clustering
samples,
indicator
species
analysis,
ordination
applied
assess
sampling
data.
results
indicated
there
391
vascular
plant
which
further
classified
into
seven
different
(p
<
0.05)
assemblages,
each
distinct
makeup.
variables
(topographic
(06),
bioclimatic
(19),
edaphic
(09),
remote
sensing,
anthropogenic
predictors
(16))
considered.
Simple
term
effects
testing
depicted
significant
(p(adj)
role
39
initially,
whereas,
conditional
(with
variance
inflation
factor
(VIF)
threshold
value
10,
forward
selecting
provided
most
unique
information)
highlighted
prominent
eight
(08)
contributors.
latter
analysis
ranked
mean
temperature
warmest
quarter
(Bio10)
as
factor,
followed
Normalized
Difference
Vegetation
Index
(NDVI),
longitude,
continuous
heat
insulation
load
index
(CHILI),
precipitation
(Bio18),
global
human
modification
terrestrial
systems
(gHM),
organic
carbon
density
(OCD),
annual
(Bio12).
concluded
variability
correlated
with
prevailing
environment,
considered
sensing
better
key
indicators
any
when
conducted
large
spatial
scale.
Based
these
results,
anticipated
variations
climate,
particularly
warming,
lengthy
drought
spells,
population
explosion
remarkably
lead
decline
local
richness
distribution.
For
guard
its
priceless
biodiversity
generations,
careful
prompt
planning
required.
Abstract.
Drought
and
heat
events
are
becoming
more
frequent
in
Europe
due
to
human-induced
climate
change,
affecting
many
aspects
of
human
well-being
ecosystem
functioning.
However,
the
intensity
these
drought
is
not
spatially
temporally
uniform.
Understanding
spatial
variability
impacts
important
information
for
decision
makers,
supporting
both
planning
preparations
cope
with
changing
climatic
conditions.
Currently,
data
relating
damage
caused
by
extended
episodes
scattered
across
languages
sources
such
as
scientific
publications,
governmental
reports
media.
In
this
review
paper,
we
compiled
damages
2018
until
2022
forest
ecosystems
relate
it
large
European
sets,
providing
support
making
on
regional
levels.
We
partitioned
from
16
countries
following
regions:
Northern,
Central,
Alpine,
South.
focused
forests,
categorized
them
(1)
physiological
(2)
pest,
(3)
fire
damage.
were
able
identify
key
trends:
Relative
defoliation
rates
broadleaves
higher
than
conifers
every
country
exception
Czech
Republic
incidence
wood
destroyed
insects
extremely
high
Central
Sweden
Although
fires
can
be
related
drought,
they
superimposed
other
anthropogenic
influences
(4)
period
(2018–2022),
forests
central
particularly
affected,
while
Northern
Alpine
zones
less
adaptations
still
observed
Southern
zone.
(5)
several
regions
2021
was
an
average
year
levels
indicating
strong
legacy
effects
2018–2020.
note
that
inventory
should
continuously
updated
new
appear.
Abstract.
Drought
and
heat
events
are
becoming
more
frequent
in
Europe
due
to
human-induced
climate
change,
affecting
many
aspects
of
human
well-being
ecosystem
functioning.
However,
the
intensity
these
drought
is
not
spatially
temporally
uniform.
Understanding
spatial
variability
impacts
important
information
for
decision
makers,
supporting
both
planning
preparations
cope
with
changing
climatic
conditions.
Currently,
data
relating
damage
caused
by
extended
episodes
scattered
across
languages
sources
such
as
scientific
publications,
governmental
reports
media.
In
this
review
paper,
we
compiled
damages
2018
until
2022
forest
ecosystems
relate
it
large
European
sets,
providing
support
making
on
regional
levels.
We
partitioned
from
16
countries
following
regions:
Northern,
Central,
Alpine,
South.
focused
forests,
categorized
them
(1)
physiological
(2)
pest,
(3)
fire
damage.
were
able
identify
key
trends:
Relative
defoliation
rates
broadleaves
higher
than
conifers
every
country
exception
Czech
Republic
incidence
wood
destroyed
insects
extremely
high
Central
Sweden
Although
fires
can
be
related
drought,
they
superimposed
other
anthropogenic
influences
(4)
period
(2018–2022),
forests
central
particularly
affected,
while
Northern
Alpine
zones
less
adaptations
still
observed
Southern
zone.
(5)
several
regions
2021
was
an
average
year
levels
indicating
strong
legacy
effects
2018–2020.
note
that
inventory
should
continuously
updated
new
appear.
