Recent Advances in Metal–Zeolite Catalysts for Ethanol to 1,3-Butadiene Conversion: Active Metal Sites, Mechanisms, and Future Challenges

ACS Catalysis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 5053 - 5085

Опубликована: Март 11, 2025

Язык: Английский

Linking Catalyst Development and Chemical Reactor Design with Ethanol to Butadiene Processes

Processes, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(4), С. 1024 - 1024

Опубликована: Март 29, 2025

This study explores the relation between catalyst research and chemical reaction engineering for developing ethanol to butadiene (ETB) technologies. An ETB process involves two distinct steps: dehydrogenation acetaldehyde synthesis. The functions can be tailored separately or imbedded in a single formulation, leading two-stage one-stage processes. performance of selected catalysts is confronted with predictions based on equilibrium, considering simultaneous formation products, by-products impurities. analysis shows that, essentially, controlled by kinetic factors. A shortlist relevant industrial implementation proposed. highlights key issues reactor design: deactivation/regeneration use inert gas as major cost. first issue addressed comprehensive fluidized bed model operating bubbling regime, capable handling complex kinetics. Good close plug flow obtained bubbles at size 4 8 cm intensive mass transfer. simulation reveals an autocatalytic effect favored well-mixed dense phase. second investigates optimization section reactor–separation–recycle system via economic potential. costs associated catalytic charge, including regeneration, along recycling reactants if used, are factors determining optimal operation region. approach, verified Aspen PlusTM, points out that better robustness limited necessary process.

Язык: Английский

Developments of catalysts for the direct conversion of aqueous ethanol to butadiene

Green Carbon, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский