Biocontrol Science and Technology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 42
Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2024
Cereal
production
is
vital
for
food
security
and
economic
growth,
but
insect
infestations
can
significantly
reduce
crop
yields
quality,
leading
to
substantial
losses.
Recent
pest
management
strategies
in
cereal
crops
have
incorporated
innovative
techniques,
such
as
utilizing
mutualistic
plant-microbe
interactions
that
trigger
molecular
defense
mechanisms
against
pests.
Entomopathogenic
fungi,
particularly
Beauveria
Metarhizium
(Hypocreales),
are
naturally
found
soil
infect
a
wide
range
of
arthropod
These
fungi
also
colonize
plants
rhizosphere
inhabitants
endophytes,
offering
multiple
benefits,
including
enhanced
growth
resistance.
As
these
promote
plant
biomass
herbivore
development,
consumption,
oviposition,
survival
the
field.
Species
like
bassiana
anisopliae
shown
potential
controlling
both
chewing
sap-sucking
pests
major
cereals
wheat,
rice,
maize,
sorghum.
However,
exact
through
which
control
endophytes
not
yet
fully
understood.
This
review
summarizes
biological
entomopathogenic
fungi-plant
their
role
control,
exploring
how
could
be
integrated
into
discussing
challenges
application.
Future
research
should
focus
on
understanding
adaptive
enable
function
endophytic
genetics
influence
improve
suppression.
By
uncovering
mechanisms,
we
enhance
effectiveness
fungi-based
contributing
more
sustainable
crops.
New plant protection.,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025
Abstract
Metarhizium
fungi
are
pathogens
of
arthropods,
with
several
early‐diverged
species
infecting
lizards
or
mushrooms.
Most
also
beneficial
plant
symbionts,
and
they
mainly
colonize
rhizosphere
rhizoplane
some
strains
colonizing
leaves
stems.
The
development
association
commence
either
by
the
attachment
spores
to
roots
colonization.
Rhizosphere
hyphae
further
attracted
nutrient‐rich
root
exudates,
facilitating
Both
undifferentiated
differentiated
(characterized
appressorial
formation)
can
penetrate
between
epidermal
cells,
sporadical
Plant‐derived
reactive
oxygen
play
a
crucial
role
in
limiting
cell
colonization
.
utilizes
plant‐derived
sugars
fatty
acids
for
growth
while
transferring
insect‐derived
nitrogen
plants.
Additionally,
facilitates
plant’s
utilization
environmental
phosphorus,
zinc,
iron
via
increasing
bioavailability
these
nutrients.
improve
resistance
herbivores,
microbial
pathogens,
abiotic
stresses.
Given
their
versatile
benefits
plants,
has
been
developed
as
insecticides,
fertilizers,
immunity
promoters.
In
addition
terrestrial
ecosystems,
recent
studies
report
that
inhabits
aquatic
wetland
which
could
enhance
understanding
biology
ecology
widen
applications.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(3), С. 1320 - 1320
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025
Melanogenesis
and
melanin
deposition
are
processes
essential
for
the
effective
immune
response
of
insects
to
various
invaders.
Phenoloxidase
(PO),
produced
in
specialized
cells
as
an
inactive
precursor
prophenoloxidase
(proPO),
is
key
enzyme
formation.
The
activated
via
limited
proteolysis
by
a
dedicated
serine
proteinase,
which
final
element
cascade
proteinases
(SPs)
that
make
up
PO
system.
provides
different
cytotoxic
molecules
active
fighting
infections,
well
melanin,
important
sequestration
However,
since
reactive
compounds
generated
during
melanization
also
pose
threat
host
cells,
strict
control
system
necessary
self-protection.
Different
pathogens
parasites
influence
through
strategies,
allow
them
survive
develop
insect
body.
In
this
review,
we
characterize
“the
lights
shadows”
activation,
indicating,
on
one
hand,
its
advantages
efficient
mechanism
and,
other
dangers
associated
with
improper
functioning
selected
strategies
regulating
activity
entomopathogenic
organisms.
Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(3)
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025
ABSTRACT
Major
latitudinal
clines
have
been
observed
in
Drosophila
melanogaster
,
a
human
commensal
that
originated
tropical
Africa
and
has
subsequently
dispersed
globally
to
colonize
temperate
habitats.
However,
despite
the
crucial
role
pathogens
play
species
distribution,
our
understanding
of
how
geographical
factors
influence
disease
susceptibility
remains
limited.
This
investigation
explored
effects
biomes
on
resistance
using
common
fly
pathogen
Metarhizium
anisopliae
43
global
populations.
The
findings
revealed
correlations
between
gradients
sleep
duration,
temperature,
humidity.
Although
enhanced
defenses
may
be
driven
by
fungal
diversity
at
latitudes,
most
disease‐resistant
males
also
showed
highest
desiccation.
suggests
potential
trade‐offs
abiotic
stress
resistance,
necessary
for
survival
habitats,
resistance.
Furthermore,
study
uncovered
interactions
sex,
mating
status,
sleep,
stresses,
affecting
Notably,
longer‐sleeping
virgin
flies
survived
infections
longer,
with
additional
daytime
post‐infection
being
protective,
particularly
resistant
lines.
These
observations
support
hypothesis
defense
are
intertwined
traits
linked
organismal
fitness
subject
joint
clinal
evolution.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(6), С. 2547 - 2547
Опубликована: Март 12, 2025
Metarhizium
fungi,
essential
for
ecosystem
function
and
commonly
utilised
in
pest
control,
often
occupy
ecological
niches
contaminated
by
toxic
compounds
of
both
anthropogenic
microbiological
origin.
The
present
study
reveals
the
potential
anisopliae
biodegradation
Fusarium
mycotoxin
zearalenone
(ZEN),
a
common
contaminant
crops
that
poses
significant
threat
to
human
animal
health
due
its
oestrogenic
toxicity.
A
key
aspect
pathway
described
is
degradation
ZEN
cleaving
lactone
bond,
which
results
reduction
toxicity,
highlighting
fungus’s
bioremediation
potential.
Furthermore,
this
provides
first
evidence
subsequent
metabolites
through
progressive
shortening
aliphatic
chain,
primarily
via
alternating
oxidation
demethylation,
ultimately
yielding
trihydroxybenzene.
Significantly,
bond
cleavage
occurred
not
only
itself
but
also
reduced
forms,
zearalanols,
formed
initial
zearalenols.
Elevated
mRNA
levels
cytochrome
P450
(CYP450)
monooxygenases
M.
exposed
indicate
their
involvement
mechanisms.
Intriguingly,
inhibition
CYP450
activity
resulted
substantial
shift
quantitative
ratio
α-
β-epimers
zearalenols
zearalanols.
observed
alteration
towards
β-form
production
likely
stems
from
other
CYP450-dependent
reactions,
indirectly
influencing
pathways—a
particularly
noteworthy
finding.
These
insights
are
crucial
developing
strategies
utilise
ZEN-contaminated
areas.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2024
Abstract
Major
latitudinal
clines
have
been
observed
in
Drosophila
melanogaster
,
a
human
commensal
that
originated
tropical
Africa
and
has
spread
world-wide
to
colonize
temperate
habitats.
However,
despite
the
significant
impact
of
pathogens
on
species
distribution,
influence
geographical
factors
disease
susceptibility
remains
poorly
understood.
This
study
investigated
effects
biomes
resistance
using
common
fly
pathogen
Metarhizium
anisopliae
43
global
populations.
The
results
showed
was
correlated
with
gradients
sleep
duration,
temperature
humidity.
While
fungal
diversity
at
latitudes
may
drive
enhanced
defenses,
most
disease-resistant
males
were
also
susceptible
desiccation,
indicating
potential
trade-offs
between
abiotic
stress
resistance,
necessary
for
survival
habitats,
resistance.
found
sex,
mating
status,
interacted
stresses
longer-sleeping
virgin
flies
surviving
infections
longer,
extra
daytime
post-infection
being
protective,
especially
resistant
lines.
These
findings
promote
idea
defense
against
are
intertwined
traits
related
organismal
fitness
subject
joint
clinal
evolution.
Figure
