Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 27, 2025
Abstract
The
proposed
study
investigates
the
key
hydro-geochemical
relationships
between
salts
and
ions,
their
spatial
distribution,
sources
of
occurrence,
non-malignant
health
effects
associated
with
fluoride
contamination
risk
in
lakes
Rajasthan,
India.
covers
a
cluster
18
lakes,
assessed
using
standard
procedures
from
USEPA
WHO.
findings
highlight
significant
influence
both
anthropogenic
activities
natural
lithology
on
which
are
crucial
potable
domestic
water
supply.
Water
quality
parameters
such
as
BOD,
pH,
Fe,
Mn²⁺,
PO₄³⁻,
F⁻,
HCO₃⁻
exceeded
permissible
limits
set
by
Correlation
analysis
revealed
strong
positive
associations
(F⁻)
like
Ca²⁺,
electrical
conductivity
(EC),
K⁺,
HCO₃⁻,
influenced
geological
factors,
soil
composition,
pH
levels,
temperature,
ion
presence,
redox
reactions.
Hydro-geochemical
characteristics
were
primarily
represented
combinations
Ca-HCO₃,
Mg-HCO₃,
SO₄-HCO₃,
Na-K-HCO₃,
reflecting
context,
high
bicarbonate
elevated
levels
Mg²⁺
sulphate
ions.
hazard
quotient
index
(HQI)
for
exposure
to
risks,
an
HQI
greater
than
1
infants
(93%),
followed
children
(89%),
teenagers
(79%),
adults
(54%).
area,
including
regions
Udaipur,
Jodhpur,
Alwar,
Ajmer,
showed
that
approximately
52%
population
falls
within
Category
F2
(concentrations
0.5
mg/L
1.5
mg/L).
