Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective

The Innovation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(4), С. 100612 - 100612

Опубликована: Март 13, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Consideration of pathways for immunotoxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

Environmental Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2023

Abstract Background Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of public health concern, because their ubiquitous extremely persistent occurrence, depending on structure, bio-accumulative, mobile toxic properties. Human effects associated with exposure to PFAS include adverse the immune system. In 2020, EFSA (the European Food Safety Authority) defined system as most critical effect for human risk assessment, based reduced antibody responses childhood vaccines similar observed in experimental animal studies. Likewise, U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) considers PFAS-induced immunotoxicity, especially children, assessment. However, mechanisms by which concentrations impacted not completely understood. Furthermore, other targets functions have been reported literature. Objective The aim this review is explore PFAS-associated immune-related effects. This includes, relevant that may underlie system, immunosuppression well immunoenhancement, such i) modulation cell signalling nuclear receptors, NF-κB PPARs; ii) alteration calcium homoeostasis cells; iii) populations; iv) oxidative stress v) impact fatty acid metabolism & secondary Methods A literature research was conducted using three databases (Web Science, PubMed, Scopus), were searched July 2021 studies published time frame from 2018 2021. total, 487 publications identified potentially eligible following expert-based judgement, articles induced immunotoxicity discussed. Conclusions Taken together, we show there substantial evidence both vitro vivo epidemiological studies, supporting various PFAS, only PFOA PFOS, affect multiple aspects Timing critical, developing vulnerable insults, resulting a higher particularly but also organs later life.

Язык: Английский

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CTD tetramers: a new online tool that computationally links curated chemicals, genes, phenotypes, and diseases to inform molecular mechanisms for environmental health

Toxicological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 195(2), С. 155 - 168

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2023

Abstract The molecular mechanisms connecting environmental exposures to adverse endpoints are often unknown, reflecting knowledge gaps. At the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), we developed a bioinformatics approach that integrates manually curated, literature-based interactions from CTD generate “CGPD-tetramer”: 4-unit block of information organized as step-wise mechanism linking an initiating Chemical, interacting Gene, Phenotype, and Disease outcome. Here, describe novel, user-friendly tool called Tetramers generates these evidence-based CGPD-tetramers for any curated chemical, gene, phenotype, or disease interest. offer potential solutions unknown underlying intermediary phenotypes chemical exposure disease. Additionally, multiple tetramers can be assembled construct detailed modes-of-action chemical-induced pathways. As well, help inform influences on outcome pathways (AOPs). We demonstrate tool’s utility with relevant use cases variety chemicals (eg, perfluoroalkyl substances, bisphenol A), apoptosis, spermatogenesis, inflammatory response), diseases asthma, obesity, male infertility). Finally, map AOP terms corresponding terms, allowing users query augment additional stressors, genes, phenotypes, well formulate networks liver cirrhosis prostate cancer). This novel tool, part complete suite tools offered at CTD, provides computational datasets their supporting evidence potentially fill gaps develop testable hypotheses about health.

Язык: Английский

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic data on vaccine response in relation to exposure to five principal perfluoroalkyl substances

Environment International, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 172, С. 107734 - 107734

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2023

Epidemiologic studies of serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) antibody response to vaccines have suggested an adverse association, but the consistency magnitude this association remain unclear.The goal systematic review was determine size between a doubling in perfluoroalkyl concentration difference loge following vaccine, with focus on five PFAS: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic (PFDA).We conducted online searches PubMed Web Science through May 17, 2022 identified 14 eligible reports published from 2012 2022.We included humans, including mother-child pairs, which examined PFAS relation specific antigen vaccine.We used risk bias assessment for non-randomized exposure certainty method proposed by Morgan et al. (2019). Using multilevel meta-regression model, we quantitatively synthesized data.The represented 13 unique groups subjects; frequency given Tetanus (n = 7); followed Diphtheria (6); Measles (4); Rubella (3); Haemophilus influenzae type b Influenza A H1N1 (2 each); Hepatitis A, B, H2N3, Mumps (1 each). There were approximately 4,830 participants analyses across reports. The models coefficients principal showed homogeneity associations types each PFAS. In all antibodies treated as one type, evidence effect modification life stage present PFOA PFOS, consistency, evaluated ages children. summary (coefficients loge[antibody concentration] per PFAS) 95% confidence intervals that excluded zero ("statistical support"), ratings follows: ages, -0.06 (-0.10, -0.01; moderate) children, -0.10 (-0.16, -0.03; moderate); -0.12 (-0.23, -0.00; high); -0.09 (-0.17, moderate), (-0.24, moderate). For PFOS were, (-0.11, (-0.18, (-0.15, high) (-0.20, -0.04; high). PFHxS -0.03 (-0.06, -0.05 (-0.09, low); -0.07 -0.02; Summary PFNA PFDA did not statistical support, studied tended inverse concentrations.Epidemiologic data immunosuppression suggest support against multiple antigens. Data Diphtheria, Rubella, more supportive than other antibodies, greater PFOA, PFHxS, or PFDA. any scarce. Confounding factors might account identified. Nearly judged low moderate bias.

Язык: Английский

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The triple exposure nexus of microplastic particles, plastic-associated chemicals, and environmental pollutants from a human health perspective

Environment International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 188, С. 108736 - 108736

Опубликована: Май 10, 2024

The presence of microplastics (MPs) is increasing at a dramatic rate globally, posing risks for exposure and subsequent potential adverse effects on human health. Apart from being physical objects, MP particles contain thousands plastic-associated chemicals (i.e., monomers, chemical additives, non-intentionally added substances) captured within the polymer matrix. These are often migrating MPs can be found in various environmental matrices food chains; health effects. In addition to attributes MPs, plastic surfaces effectively bind exogenous chemicals, including pollutants (e.g., heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants). Therefore, act as vectors pollution across air, drinking water, food, further amplifying posed by exposure. Critically, fragmentation plastics environment increases risk interactions with cells, available leach adsorb transfer pollutants. This review proposes so-called triple nexus approach comprehensively map existing knowledge interconnected particles, Based data, there large gap regard cumulative nexus. Each component known induce genotoxicity, inflammation, endocrine disruption, but about long-term inter-individual lacking. Furthermore, not readily excreted organisms after ingestion they have been accumulated blood, cardiac tissue, placenta, etc. Even though number studies MPs-associated impacts rapidly, this underscores that pressing necessity achieve an integrated assessment MPs' order address future gaps.

Язык: Английский

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All-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality in the population of a large Italian area contaminated by perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (1980–2018)

Environmental Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024

Abstract Background Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with many adverse health conditions. Among the main effects is carcinogenicity in humans, which deserves to be further clarified. An evident association has been reported for kidney cancer testicular cancer. In 2013, a large episode of surface, ground drinking water contamination PFAS was uncovered three provinces Veneto Region (northern Italy) involving 30 municipalities population about 150,000. We report on temporal evolution all-cause mortality selected cause-specific by calendar period birth cohort local between 1980 2018. Methods The Italian National Institute Health pre-processed made available anonymous data from Statistics death certificate archives residents Vicenza, Padua Verona (males, n = 29,629; females, 29,518) who died Calendar analysis done calculating standardised ratios using total same as reference. performed 20–84 years cumulative ratios. Exposure defined being resident one Red area , where aqueduct supplying fed contaminated groundwater. Results During 34 1985 (assumed beginning date contamination) 2018 (last year availability data), we observed 51,621 deaths vs. 47,731 expected (age- sex-SMR: 108; 90% CI: 107–109). found evidence raised cardiovascular disease (in particular, heart diseases ischemic disease) malignant neoplastic diseases, including Conclusions For first time, an exposure formally demonstrated. regarding consistent previously data.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) on the marine environment: Raising awareness, challenges, legislation, and mitigation approaches under the One Health concept

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 194, С. 115309 - 115309

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2023

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) have long been known for their detrimental effects on the ecosystems living organisms; however long-term impact marine environment is still insufficiently recognized. Based PFAS persistence bioaccumulation in complex food network, adverse will be exacerbated by global processes such as climate change synergies with other pollutants, like microplastics. The range of fluorochemicals currently included umbrella has significantly expanded due to updated OECD definition, raising new concerns about poorly understood dynamics negative ocean wildlife human health. Mitigation challenges approaches, including biodegradation studied materials environmental removal are proposed here, highlighting importance ongoing monitoring bridging research gaps. EU regulations, good practices legal frameworks discussed, emphasis recommendations improving ecosystem management.

Язык: Английский

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The variable associations between PFASs and biological aging by sex and reproductive stage in NHANES 1999–2018

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 227, С. 115714 - 115714

Опубликована: Март 24, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Breastfeeding as a Vulnerable Function: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies

Toxics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(4), С. 325 - 325

Опубликована: Март 29, 2023

Milk formation in the breast during breastfeeding is a complex hormonally regulated process, potentially sensitive to effects of endocrine-disrupting chemical exposures. The environmental chemicals, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are known endocrine disruptors. PFAS exposure have been associated with insufficient mammary gland development mice reduced duration humans. aim this review was gather epidemiological evidence on association between duration. Using PubMed Embase, we performed systematic literature search (on 23 January 2023) identify studies examining maternal Animal studies, reviews, non-English were excluded. risk bias assessed using non-randomized exposures tool. Estimates describing identified, data synthesized separately for each type exclusive total breastfeeding. Six 336 2374 participants identified. serum samples (five studies) or based residential address (one study). Five out six found shorter higher exposure. most consistent associations seen perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic (PFNA). finding potential causal agreement findings from experimental studies.

Язык: Английский

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Association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure and prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The mediating role of serum albumin

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 925, С. 171742 - 171742

Опубликована: Март 15, 2024

No study has examined the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk. This aims to explore this relationship. enrolled 4541 individuals who had unavailable data on PFAS, COPD, covariates from NHANES 2007–2018. Serum PFAS including perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctanoic (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS) were analyzed, because of high detective rates. Considering skew distribution levels, natural logarithm-transformed (Ln-PFAS) was used. Logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS), weighted quantile sum (WQS) performed single, nonlinear, mixed effects. A mediating analysis used evaluate mediated effects albumin. Individuals with COPD higher levels PFHxS, PFNA, PFOA, PFOS compared those without COPD. Ln-PFNA (OR males: 1.92, 95 % CI:1.31 2.80, P: <0.001; OR females: 1.07, CI: 0.81 1.40, 0.636) ln-PFOA 2.17, CI:1.38 3.41, 1.49, 1.08 2.05, 0.016) associated risk especially in males. The interaction PFNA sex significant (P interaction: <0.001). RCS curve demonstrated nonlinear relationship nonlinear:0.001), ln-PFNA nonlinear:0.045), WQS showed correlated males (OR: 1.44, CI:1.18 1.75, Albumin PFOA (mediated proportion: −17.94 %). concludes are linked a males, serum albumin plays role Thess findings beneficial for prevention Further studies required potential mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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