Heliyon,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. e41410 - e41410
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024
Functional
safety
is
an
emerging
trend
for
design
in
the
automobile
industry.
This
study
innovative
exploration
of
a
hazard
analysis
and
quantitative
risk
assessment
(QRA)
methodology
based
on
functional
vehicular
fuel
cell
systems.
In
this
study,
potential
hazards
that
vehicles
may
encounter
during
operation
were
identified
using
generic
list.
The
failure
modes
influences
main
components
system
determined
via
operability
studies.
Furthermore,
risks
consequences
explored
QRA
method.
frequency
unavailability
fuel-cell
calculated,
architecture
was
optimized
redundant
with
focus
hydrogen
safety.
results
showed
could
effectively
reduce
leakage,
leakage
reduced
by
94.4
%
36.8
%,
respectively.
Thus,
provides
powerful
insights
future
research
improvement
Energies,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(18), С. 4683 - 4683
Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2024
The
study
examined
the
potential
changing
roles
of
ports
in
terms
diversifying
their
revenue
through
expansion
new
markets
Port
Ngqura.
This
is
by
means
production
and
sales
renewable
hydrogen
as
marine
fuel
produced
from
a
wavefarm
Nelson
Mandela
Bay.
A
key
objective
was
to
conduct
comprehensive
techno-economic
analysis
feasible
technologies
based
on
performed,
including
alkaline
electrolysis
seawater
renewable-powered
seawater.
aligns
with
global
decarbonisation
ships
will
be
used
supply
port
electricity,
serve
refuel
tugboats,
provide
green
bunkering
for
commercial
shipping
vessels.
Ngqura
geographically
well
positioned
lead
zero
carbon
fuel.
work
considers
CAPEX
OPEX
plant
using
electrolysers
evaluates
current
cost
selling
price
hydrogen.
primary
aim
this
examine
feasibility
at
Through
assessing
resource
technological
options,
determining
advantageous
economic
assumptions,
identifying
existing
limitations
opportunities,
conducted
special
consideration
site
characteristics
output
model
that
simulates
production,
storage,
transportation
gas
Ngqura,
which
further
analyse
different
case
scenarios.
approach
directly
addresses
main
goal
study.
results
found
showed
wave
energy
convertors
row
three
next
each
other,
farm
2.973
TJ
per
month,
equivalent
18.58
tons
when
considering
lower
heating
value
assuming
efficiency
75%.
anticipated
able
tugboat
month.
It
predicted
expected
drop,
fossil
gradually
increase
coming
years.
fact
coal
electricity
can
demand
wind
solar
are
weather
dependent
result
lacks
ability
achieve
constant
supply.
There
currently
an
urgent
need
storage
efforts
ammonia.
Hydrogen
still
more
expensive
than
electricity;
however,
this,
maybe
critical
kg
CO2
could
calculated,
make
competitive.
calculated
R96.07/kg
(4.88
EUR/kg)
hydrogen,
2.1
times
same
supplied
Marine
Diesel
Oil
(MDO)
prices.
would
thus
become
competitive
MDO;
if
set
emission
CO2,
may
also
offset
difference
between
MDO
energy.
necessary
approximately
R6257/tonne
or
318
EUR/tonne
around
4.5
trading
EU
Emissions
Trading
Scheme.
Sustainability,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(20), С. 9070 - 9070
Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2024
As
a
clean
energy
source,
hydrogen
not
only
helps
to
reduce
the
use
of
fossil
fuels
but
also
promotes
transformation
structure
and
sustainable
development.
This
paper
firstly
introduces
development
status
green
at
home
abroad
then
focuses
on
several
advanced
production
technologies.
Then,
advantages
shortcomings
different
technologies
are
compared.
Among
them,
future
source
tends
be
electrolysis
water
production.
Finally,
challenges
application
prospects
process
technology
discussed,
is
expected
become
an
important
part
realizing
global
The
use
of
renewable
energy
resources
is
becoming
increasingly
critical
for
a
sustainable
power
generation
scenario
on
global
scale.
Solar
photovoltaics
and
wind
are
the
most
prominent
potential
sources
in
Oman,
according
to
studies
conducted
zone.
Various
locations
Oman
behaved
differently
depending
region's
source.
For
instance,
Dhofar
region
has
an
annual
average
horizontal
irradiance
6.1
kWh/m2/day
speed
5.9
m/s
at
10-meter
anemometer
height
from
ground,
respectively.
intermittency
need
reliability
systems
lead
battery
storage
requirements.
This
study
establishes
optimal
hybrid
system
rating
community
load
24.57
kW,
considering
multiple
configurations
producing
11.27
kg
hydrogen
daily.
Since
must
replace
fossil
fuels
microgrids,
this
compares
results
with
diesel
generator-based
systems.
employs
several
criteria
identify
solution,
including
meeting
potential,
minimizing
levelized
cost
(LCOE),
(LCOH)
generation,
calculating
net
present
cost,
CO2
emissions.
achieves
fraction
more
than
85%,
LCOE
0.421
$/kWh
LCOH
4.65
$/kg.
Furthermore,
we
observed
that
high
green
which
can
meet
country's
aim
improve
ratio
renewables
total
supply
achieve
development
goals.
