Heliyon, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(16), С. e36295 - e36295

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024

The connectivity reliability of strait and canal nodes in seaborne crude oil networks is uncertain because various risk factors. Existing studies have mainly focused on road often ignored real-world factors by assuming fixed identical values for the each node, leading to inaccurate estimations. Few considered node when identifying most reliable routes shipments response external changing risks. To address these limitations, we first establish new evaluation methods both networks. Then, develop α-most shipping route very models using programming dynamically identify oil, ensuring timely safe transportation. We apply China's network imported oil. results show a 0.6228, which impacted unreliable origin–destination pairs Middle East. vary regionally, with higher Africa East than Asia Latin America. As increases, regional disparities also increase. These findings will aid development energy transportation import strategies enhance reliability.

Язык: Английский