Single-cell RNA sequencing in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: tumor heterogeneity, microenvironment, resistance, and prognostic markers

Frontiers in Oncology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2025

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with challenges in treatment resistance and relapse. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has provided important insights into tumor heterogeneity, microenvironment interactions, mechanisms, prognostic biomarkers. This review summarizes key findings from scRNA-seq studies, which have deepened our understanding of DLBCL contributed to the development precision therapeutic strategies. Integrating spatial transcriptomics single-cell multi-omics may further elucidate disease mechanisms identify novel targets, supporting advancement medicine DLBCL.

Язык: Английский

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Immunotherapeutic strategies for invasive bladder cancer: a comprehensive review

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2025

Bladder cancer is a prevalent malignancy, with muscle-invasive bladder (MIBC) presenting significant therapeutic challenge. Standard treatments, including radical cystectomy (RC) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, pose substantial risks impact quality of life, leading to increasing interest in bladder-preserving therapies (BPT). Immunotherapy has revolutionized management, strategies ranging from intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) its ligand (PD-L1). In BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC), PD-1 such as pembrolizumab offer promising response rates. MIBC, immunotherapy agents like atezolizumab improves pathological complete (pCR) facilitates preservation. Combination regimens integrating radiotherapy, not only enhance treatment efficacy but also exploit mechanisms immunogenic antigen release that further augment antitumor responses. This review provides comprehensive analysis current immunotherapeutic for invasive cancer, highlighting their clinical applications future potential.

Язык: Английский

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Anti-tumor effect and immune-related mechanism study of compound aluminum sulfate injection in transplanted tumor-bearing mice

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

This study investigates the antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of compound aluminum sulfate (CAS) solution in murine melanoma models. Using syngeneic B16-F10 B16-OVA tumor models, we demonstrate that intratumoral CAS injection significantly inhibits primary growth lung metastasis. Flow cytometry analysis reveals treatment increases splenic populations CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD3+CD44+ memory NK while enhancing CD8+ cell infiltration tissue. ELISA results show elevated levels pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2) culture supernatants serum following administration. Immunofluorescence staining confirms increased expression CD8 IFN-γ proteins tissues CAS-treated mice. Results indicate exerts its through direct cytotoxicity by modulating both systemic local immune responses. The dual action CAS, which combines necrosis with immunostimulation, positions it as a promising therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. offers valuable insights into mechanisms underlying CAS's underscores potential clinical applications oncology.

Язык: Английский

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Decoding multiple myeloma: single-cell insights into tumor heterogeneity, immune dynamics, and disease progression

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Май 8, 2025

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a biologically heterogeneous malignancy of clonal plasma cells, often progressing from MGUS or smoldering MM. It causes anemia, bone lesions, and immune dysfunction due to abnormal cell expansion in the marrow. Neuroinflammatory neurotrophic factors may influence MM progression by affecting cells marrow niche. Growing evidence points role for neuroimmune regulation tumor immunity. Despite therapeutic progress, disease heterogeneity resistance highlight need new strategies targeting microenvironment axis. This investigation exploited single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyze high-risk multiple (SMMh) samples, identifying 11 distinct types. We examined their transcriptional signatures, stemness, proliferative properties, metabolic pathways, with particular attention interactions microenvironment. Using trajectory inference tools such as CytoTRACE, Monocle2, Slingshot, we traced differentiation paths subpopulations identified key signaling pathways that responses progression. The analysis four C0 IGLC3+ representing least differentiated most subset. These played critical contribute evasion mechanisms. Additionally, receptor-ligand within were identified, which be influenced neuroinflammatory factors. findings suggest nervous system modulation significantly affect biology, highlighting potential targets could overcome conventional therapies. provided insights into cellular diversity trajectories MM, offering deeper understanding complex drive resistance. By incorporating neuroinflammation modulation, our study suggested novel axis oncology, ultimately contributing development more effective, personalized treatment approaches

Язык: Английский

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Dissecting the endothelial cell landscape in meningioma: single-cell insights into PLVAP+ subpopulations and their role in tumor angiogenesis

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Май 27, 2025

Background Meningioma (MEN) is one of the most common intracranial tumors, with a significantly higher incidence rate in females than males. Although majority cases are benign, tumors located complex anatomical regions or classified as atypical malignant have high recurrence rate, underscoring need to optimize therapeutic strategies improve patient outcomes. Therefore, this study utilizes single-cell RNA-sequencing technology investigate interaction mechanisms between endothelial cells (ECs) and meningiomas, aiming identify potential targets for treatment MEN patients. Methods Tissue origin analysis different EC subpopulations was performed using Ro/e preference analysis. Gene Ontology Set Enrichment Analysis were employed enrich relevant biological processes. Slingshot CytoTRACE used determine differentiation trajectories cell subpopulations. CellChat utilized predict intercellular communication meningioma (MGCs). The transcription factor (TF) networks constructed pySCENIC, function ETS1 validated vitro experiments. Results temporal lobe tissues’ datasets processed through quality control screening, dimensionality reduction clustering identified eight types. We found that ECs might play role progression further them into four Among these, C2 PLVAP + predominantly at later stages analysis, suggesting critical MEN’s development. Cell revealed MGCs stimulate secrete angiopoietin via MDK-NCL ligand-receptor pair, promoting angiogenesis progression. Using pySCENIC key TF identified. In experiments demonstrated promoted angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, providing valuable insights clinical targeting treatment. Conclusion subpopulation, ECs, which stage influence development MK signaling pathway pair. Additionally, we discovered it progression, offering new perspective strategies.

Язык: Английский

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