To
address
the
growing
need
for
fire-safe
single-component
epoxy
resin
(EP)
systems,
this
study
introduced
a
phosphorus-containing
copper
complex
(Cu-DA)
as
multifunctional
latent
curing
agent.
The
Cu-DA
complex,
synthesized
by
coordinating
(II)
chloride
and
phosphorus-based
imidazole,
significantly
improved
latency,
thermal
stability,
fire
resistance
of
EP.
EP/Cu-DA
mixture
showed
43-day
shelf
life
rapid
gel
time
22
minutes
at
150
°C,
highlighting
its
superb
latency
fast
curing.
resultant
thermoset
had
high
glass
transition
temperature
160.9°C
increased
crosslinking
density,
indicating
superior
stability.
system
achieved
limiting
oxygen
index
(LOI)
37.8%
UL-94
V-0
rating,
reflecting
satisfactory
flame
retardancy.
Furthermore,
compared
to
control
EP
system,
total
smoke
production
(TSP)
maximum
density
(MSD)
were
reduced
approximately
28.4%
25.8%,
respectively,
demonstrating
enhanced
suppression.
research
offers
scalable
strategy
developing
systems
with
curing,
resistance,
great
suppression,
meeting
demands
industrial
applications.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 7, 2025
ABSTRACT
Improving
flame
retardancy
without
compromising
mechanical
properties
is
a
significant
challenge
in
epoxy
resin
(EP)
applications.
In
this
study,
an
inorganic–organic
hybrid
retardant
(ZM@APP)
with
hierarchical
structure
was
designed
by
loading
the
compounds
shell‐core
ZM
(a
complex
of
ZIF‐67
and
melamine)
on
surface
ammonium
polyphosphate
(APP)
through
hydrogen
bonding.
When
ZM@APP
10.0
wt.%,
tensile
strength,
flexural
modulus
EP
composites
increased
13.7%,
16.7%,
87.6%,
respectively,
compared
to
pure
EP.
Surprisingly,
modified
APP
also
resulted
promotion
performances
while
triggered
decreases
properties.
The
10ZM@APP/EP
passed
V‐0
rating
vertical
combustion
test
achieved
limiting
oxygen
index
28.2%.
peak
heat
release
rate
total
decreased
68.4%
58.5%,
respectively;
smoke
production
were
reduced
60.0%
67.5%,
reason
that
triazine
ring,
cobalt
oxide,
pyrophosphoric
acid
promoted
formation
contact
continuous
char.
This
study
offers
new
method
for
preparing
enhanced
retardancy,
high
properties,
low
release.
To
address
the
growing
need
for
fire-safe
single-component
epoxy
resin
(EP)
systems,
this
study
introduced
a
phosphorus-containing
copper
complex
(Cu-DA)
as
multifunctional
latent
curing
agent.
The
Cu-DA
complex,
synthesized
by
coordinating
(II)
chloride
and
phosphorus-based
imidazole,
significantly
improved
latency,
thermal
stability,
fire
resistance
of
EP.
EP/Cu-DA
mixture
showed
43-day
shelf
life
rapid
gel
time
22
minutes
at
150
°C,
highlighting
its
superb
latency
fast
curing.
resultant
thermoset
had
high
glass
transition
temperature
160.9°C
increased
crosslinking
density,
indicating
superior
stability.
system
achieved
limiting
oxygen
index
(LOI)
37.8%
UL-94
V-0
rating,
reflecting
satisfactory
flame
retardancy.
Furthermore,
compared
to
control
EP
system,
total
smoke
production
(TSP)
maximum
density
(MSD)
were
reduced
approximately
28.4%
25.8%,
respectively,
demonstrating
enhanced
suppression.
research
offers
scalable
strategy
developing
systems
with
curing,
resistance,
great
suppression,
meeting
demands
industrial
applications.
