F1000Research,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14, С. 152 - 152
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025
Background
This
research
investigates
the
unsteady
magnetohydrodynamic
(MHD)
flow,
heat,
and
mass
transfer
of
tangent
hyperbolic
ternary
hybrid
nanofluids
over
a
permeable
stretching
sheet.
The
study
considers
three
types
nanoparticles—aluminum
oxide
(Al₂O₃),
copper
(Cu),
titanium
(TiO₂)—dispersed
in
base
fluid
ethylene
glycol
(C₂H₆O₂).
nanofluid
(Al₂O₃–Cu–TiO₂/C₂H₆O₂)
has
potential
applications
cooling
systems,
biomedical
uses
for
targeted
drug
delivery
hyperthermia
treatments,
heat
exchangers,
polymer
processing
techniques
like
extrusion
casting.
Methods
examines
effects
various
parameters,
including
Weissenberg
number,
power
law
index,
nanoparticle
volume
fraction,
viscous
dissipation,
magnetic
field,
generation,
nonlinear
thermal
radiation,
temperature
ratio,
Joule
heating,
Brownian
motion,
thermophoresis,
porous
permeability,
variable
conductivity,
Eckert
Prandtl
Schmidt
chemical
reaction,
velocity
Forchheimer
parameters.
governing
equations
are
transformed
into
similarity
using
appropriate
transformations
solved
numerically
with
MATLAB
BVP5C
package.
results
validated
against
data
from
published
articles
to
ensure
reproducibility.
Results
findings
reveal
that
an
increase
numbers
reduces
profile,
while
distribution
increases.
conductivity
parameter
(Γ)
leads
higher
indicating
improved
transfer.
Higher
concentrations
result
enhanced
skin
friction,
Nusselt
Sherwood
number.
Ternary
show
most
significant
improvement
conductivity.
Conclusions
significantly
enhance
transfer,
showing
delivery,
processing.
numerical
consistent
previous
research,
confirming
reliability
reproducibility
findings
F1000Research,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14, С. 152 - 152
Опубликована: Март 10, 2025
Background
This
research
investigates
the
unsteady
magnetohydrodynamic
(MHD)
flow,
heat,
and
mass
transfer
of
tangent
hyperbolic
ternary
hybrid
nanofluids
over
a
permeable
stretching
sheet.
The
study
considers
three
types
nanoparticles—aluminum
oxide
(Al₂O₃),
copper
(Cu),
titanium
(TiO₂)—dispersed
in
base
fluid
ethylene
glycol
(C₂H₆O₂).
nanofluid
(Al₂O₃–Cu–TiO₂/C₂H₆O₂)
has
potential
applications
cooling
systems,
biomedical
uses
for
targeted
drug
delivery
hyperthermia
treatments,
heat
exchangers,
polymer
processing
techniques
like
extrusion
casting.
Methods
will
examine
combined
effects
Weissenberg
number,
power
law
index,
nanoparticle
volume
fraction,
viscous
dissipation,
magnetic
field,
generation,
nonlinear
thermal
radiation,
temperature
ratio,
Joule
heating,
Brownian
motion,
thermophoresis,
porous
permeability,
variable
conductivity,
Eckert
Prandtl
Schmidt
chemical
reaction,
velocity
Forchheimer
number
on
electrical
conductivity
flow
nanofluids.
governing
equations
are
transformed
into
similarity
using
appropriate
transformations
solved
numerically
with
MATLAB
BVP5C
package.
results
validated
against
data
from
published
articles
to
ensure
reproducibility.
Results
findings
reveal
that
an
increase
numbers
reduces
profile,
while
distribution
increases.
parameter
(Γ)
leads
higher
indicating
improved
transfer.
Higher
concentrations
result
enhanced
skin
friction,
Nusselt
Sherwood
number.
Ternary
show
most
significant
improvement
conductivity.
Conclusions
significantly
enhance
transfer,
showing
delivery,
processing.
numerical
consistent
previous
research,
confirming
reliability
reproducibility
findings.