Molecules,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
29(1), С. 176 - 176
Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2023
This
paper
investigates
the
effect
of
equivalence
ratio
on
pollutant
formation
characteristics
CH4O/H2/NH3
ternary
fuel
combustion
and
analyzes
mechanisms
CO,
CO2,
NOX
at
molecular
level.
It
was
found
that
lowering
accelerates
decomposition
CH4O,
H2,
NH3
in
general.
The
fastest
rate
consumption
each
φ
=
0.33,
while
rates
CH4O
were
similar
for
0.66
0.4.
CO
shows
an
inverted
U-shaped
trend
with
time,
peaks
0.5.
amount
CO2
are
inversely
proportional
to
ratio.
is
obvious
when
>
NO2
main
component
NOX.
When
<
0.66,
a
continuous
increasing
trend,
≥
then
stabilizing
trend.
Reaction
path
analysis
showed
intermediates
such
as
CH3
CH4
added
CH2O
conversion
stage
decreased
New
pathways,
CH4O→CH3→CH2O
CH4O→CH3→CH4→CH2O,
added.
At
≤
0.5,
new
CHO2
CH2O2
stage,
pathways
added:
CH2O→CO→CHO2→CO2,
CH2O→CO→CO2,
CH2O→CHO→CO→CHO2→CO2,
CH2O→CH2O2→CO2.
reduction
number
radical
reactions
required
NO
from
five
two
directly
contributes
large
formation.
Equivalent
ratios
1
0.33
corresponded
12%,
21.4%,
34%,
46.95%,
48.86%
remaining,
respectively.
due
fact
decreases,
more
O2
collides
form
OH
some
involved
reaction
forming
NO2.
Results in Engineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
21, С. 101946 - 101946
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2024
This
work
utilized
Real-Time
Emulsion
Fuel
Injection
(RTEFI)
methods
to
incorporate
emulsion
fuel,
which
included
citronella
oil
(20%),
ammonia
(10%),
and
water
(5%),
into
diesel
fuel
without
the
addition
of
surfactants.
The
primary
aim
this
study
was
investigate
influence
hydrogen
presence
in
liquid
on
engines.
accomplished
by
using
a
water-emulsified
diesel-biodiesel
blend
forecasting
performance
an
artificial
neural
network
(ANN).
Citronella
(20%)
blended
with
standard
(SD),
followed
10%
5%
water,
labeled
as
SD20CO,
SD20CO10A,
SD20CO10A5W,
respectively.
results
indicated
that
brake
thermal
efficiency
SD20CO10A5W
is
comparable
diesel.
combination
significantly
decreased
hydrocarbon
emissions
70–75%,
smoke
10–15%,
oxides
nitrogen
2–5%,
while
increasing
carbon
dioxide
3–8%
under
all
load
situations
compared
other
fuels.
trained
ANN
models
had
coefficient
determination
97%,
values
ranging
from
0.9076
0.9965.
Additionally,
exhibited
low
mean
absolute
percentage
error
values,
0.98%
4.26%.
analytical
provide
strong
evidence
supporting
efficacy
ultimately
indicating
it
feasible
substitute
for
Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9, С. 100698 - 100698
Опубликована: Март 19, 2024
In
this
study,
an
aqueous
ammonia
emulsion
and
a
zinc
sulfide/copper
(ZnS/Cu)
nanocomposite
were
blended
with
algae
biodiesel-diesel
blend,
the
optimum
levels
of
parameters
identified
for
enhanced
performance
reduced
emissions.
The
cultivated
concurrently
wastewater
treatment,
biodiesel's
properties
as
well
nanocomposite's
structural
surface
morphology
analyzed.
Response
methodology
was
employed
optimization,
confirmation
tests
conducted.
results
indicate
that
cultivation
effectively
removes
nutrients,
optimal
values
process
determined
to
be
10%
biodiesel,
14%
ammonia,
95
ppm
ZnS/Cu.
