Molecules,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
29(1), С. 176 - 176
Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2023
This
paper
investigates
the
effect
of
equivalence
ratio
on
pollutant
formation
characteristics
CH4O/H2/NH3
ternary
fuel
combustion
and
analyzes
mechanisms
CO,
CO2,
NOX
at
molecular
level.
It
was
found
that
lowering
accelerates
decomposition
CH4O,
H2,
NH3
in
general.
The
fastest
rate
consumption
each
φ
=
0.33,
while
rates
CH4O
were
similar
for
0.66
0.4.
CO
shows
an
inverted
U-shaped
trend
with
time,
peaks
0.5.
amount
CO2
are
inversely
proportional
to
ratio.
is
obvious
when
>
NO2
main
component
NOX.
When
<
0.66,
a
continuous
increasing
trend,
≥
then
stabilizing
trend.
Reaction
path
analysis
showed
intermediates
such
as
CH3
CH4
added
CH2O
conversion
stage
decreased
New
pathways,
CH4O→CH3→CH2O
CH4O→CH3→CH4→CH2O,
added.
At
≤
0.5,
new
CHO2
CH2O2
stage,
pathways
added:
CH2O→CO→CHO2→CO2,
CH2O→CO→CO2,
CH2O→CHO→CO→CHO2→CO2,
CH2O→CH2O2→CO2.
reduction
number
radical
reactions
required
NO
from
five
two
directly
contributes
large
formation.
Equivalent
ratios
1
0.33
corresponded
12%,
21.4%,
34%,
46.95%,
48.86%
remaining,
respectively.
due
fact
decreases,
more
O2
collides
form
OH
some
involved
reaction
forming
NO2.
Journal of the Energy Institute,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
116, С. 101750 - 101750
Опубликована: Июль 17, 2024
The
intriguing
exploration
of
ammonia
fuel
has
captured
the
spotlight
researchers,
heralded
for
its
status
as
a
zero-carbon
and
acclaimed
potent
inhibitor
NOx
emissions
in
internal
combustion
engines.
Ammonia
solution,
one
forms
fuel,
demonstrates
ability
to
blend
seamlessly
with
conventional
fuel.
However,
slower
reaction
is
significant
challenge
overcome.
One
effective
approaches
improve
combustibility
diesel
engines
solution
emulsion
So,
focus
this
study
was
comprehensively
analyze
effects
blending
at
various
concentrations
closely
examine
their
on
sustainability
emission
profiles
used
an
aqueous
containing
28
wt%
ammonia.
Herein,
five
different
samples
were
examined:
diesel,
water/diesel
(W/D),
W/D
1,
3,
5
(A1%-W/D,
A3%-W/D,
A5%-W/D,
respectively).
tests
carried
out
engine
running
fixed
speed
2400
rpm,
while
loads
adjusted
variety
levels.
Interestingly,
we
found
that
ineffective
engines,
leading
performance
degradation
unstable
combustion.
Compared
rate
heat
release
increased
by
17.6
%,
15.3
10.9
%
W/D,
A1%-W/D,
respectively.
Furthermore,
presence
prolonged
ignition
delay
period
facilitated
reduction
NO
emissions.
A3%-W/D
fuels
reduced
39.3
29.5
25
results
demonstrated
introduction
up
3
weight
blended
can
be
effectively
combusted
engine,
promoting
sustained
stability
contributing
exhaust
•
Diesel
improves
engine.
increases
ROHR
cylinder
pressure.
incorporation
proved
challenging
Reduction
achieved.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
59, С. 104569 - 104569
Опубликована: Май 18, 2024
The
study
explores
the
impact
of
a
zinc
oxide
(ZnO)
induced
carbon
nanotube
(CNT)
nanocomposite
on
ammonia
decomposition
in
aqueous
(AA)
emulsified
diesel
fuel,
while
evaluating
performance
and
emissions.
Functionalized
CNTs
with
ZnO
underwent
structural
surface
morphology
analysis.
Different
concentrations
ammonium
hydroxide
(5%
10%)
were
mixed
plain
fuel
(PDF),
100
ppm
ZnO/CNT
was
blended
10%
AA
fuel.
Fuel
assessed
under
various
brake
power
conditions
compared
to
PDF.
results
demonstrate
that
absorption
latent
heat
by
its
higher
energy
result
longer
ignition
delay,
thereby
increasing
peak
in-cylinder
pressure
net
release
rate.
post-combustion
reaction
fuels
contributes
increased
specific
consumption
(BSFC),
(BSEC),
hydrocarbon
(HC),
monoxide
(CO),
smoke
opacity.
However,
dispersion
emulsion
enhances
catalytic
effect
promotes
decomposition,
resulting
combustion
characteristics
similar
Notably,
there
is
an
observed
improvement
BSFC
8.1%
BSEC
10.9%,
respectively.
Furthermore,
emission
metrics
such
as
oxides
nitrogen,
HC,
CO,
opacity
decrease
4.5%,
18.8%,
11.4%,
5%,
