Molecules,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
29(1), С. 176 - 176
Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2023
This
paper
investigates
the
effect
of
equivalence
ratio
on
pollutant
formation
characteristics
CH4O/H2/NH3
ternary
fuel
combustion
and
analyzes
mechanisms
CO,
CO2,
NOX
at
molecular
level.
It
was
found
that
lowering
accelerates
decomposition
CH4O,
H2,
NH3
in
general.
The
fastest
rate
consumption
each
φ
=
0.33,
while
rates
CH4O
were
similar
for
0.66
0.4.
CO
shows
an
inverted
U-shaped
trend
with
time,
peaks
0.5.
amount
CO2
are
inversely
proportional
to
ratio.
is
obvious
when
>
NO2
main
component
NOX.
When
<
0.66,
a
continuous
increasing
trend,
≥
then
stabilizing
trend.
Reaction
path
analysis
showed
intermediates
such
as
CH3
CH4
added
CH2O
conversion
stage
decreased
New
pathways,
CH4O→CH3→CH2O
CH4O→CH3→CH4→CH2O,
added.
At
≤
0.5,
new
CHO2
CH2O2
stage,
pathways
added:
CH2O→CO→CHO2→CO2,
CH2O→CO→CO2,
CH2O→CHO→CO→CHO2→CO2,
CH2O→CH2O2→CO2.
reduction
number
radical
reactions
required
NO
from
five
two
directly
contributes
large
formation.
Equivalent
ratios
1
0.33
corresponded
12%,
21.4%,
34%,
46.95%,
48.86%
remaining,
respectively.
due
fact
decreases,
more
O2
collides
form
OH
some
involved
reaction
forming
NO2.
Energies,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
18(9), С. 2252 - 2252
Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2025
The
combustion
of
ammonia
with
oxygen
presents
a
promising
pathway
for
global
energy
transformation
using
carbon
dioxide-neutral
solutions
and
capture.
Ammonia,
carbon-free
fuel,
offers
several
benefits,
owing
to
its
non-explosive
nature,
high
octane
rating,
ease
storage
distribution.
However,
challenges
such
as
low
flammability
excessive
nitrogen
oxide
(NOx)
emissions
must
be
addressed.
This
paper
explores
the
recent
advances
in
oxy-combustion
highlights
experimental
numerical
research
on
NOx
emission
traits,
combustion,
flame
propagation
across
various
applications,
including
gas
furnaces,
internal
engines,
boilers.
Furthermore,
this
review
discusses
diverse
approaches
overcoming
enrichment,
fuel
blending,
plasma
assistance,
preheating,
multiple
injections,
burner
design
modifications.
By
summarizing
advancements
investigation,
aims
provide
valuable
insights
that
can
serve
reference
information
prospective
applications
toward
transition
sustainable
energy.
Results in Engineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
23, С. 102607 - 102607
Опубликована: Июль 23, 2024
Employing
carbon-neutral
(NH3)
and
low
carbon
footprint
(biodiesel)
fuels
in
Reactivity
Controlled
Compression
Ignition
(RCCI)
engine
mode
is
one
possible
method
for
minimizing
emissions
diesel
engines.
In
this
study,
a
(CI)
was
customized
to
run
RCCI
mode,
employing
High
Reactive
Fuel
(HRF)
as
biodiesel
Low
(LRF)
ammonia
(NH3).
Based
on
our
earlier
findings,
the
proportion
of
premixing
fixed
at
40
%.
first
phase,
primary
injection
timing
algal
varied
between
12
21°CA
bTDC
preset
pre-injection
46°CA
bTDC.
next
time
46
54°CA
bTDC,
with
optimal
main
being
18°CA.
The
result
suggested
that
18
58°CA
increased
Cylinder
Pressure
(CP)
by
30.1
%,
peak
HRR
combustion
phase
angle
were
advanced.
Brake
Thermal
Efficiency
exhibited
an
11
%
enhancement,
Specific
Energy
Consumption
decreasing
24.1
Nitrogen
Oxide
levels
saw
increase
around
39.5
contrast,
reductions
19.2
23.5
39.7
21.7
observed
Hydrocarbons,
Carbon
Monoxide,
smoke
emissions,
Exhaust
Gas
Temperature,
respectively,
compared
single
under
full
load
conditions.
ACS Omega,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
9(1), С. 741 - 752
Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2023
This
study
investigates
the
feasibility
of
hydrogen
addition
to
achieve
lower
emissions
and
higher
thermal
efficiency
in
an
ammonia-biodiesel-fueled
reactivity-controlled
compression
ignition
(RCCI)
engine.
A
single-cylinder
light-duty
water-cooled
(CI)
engine
was
adapted
run
RCCI
combustion
with
port-injected
ammonia
as
low
reactive
fuel
(LRF)
direct-injected
algal
biodiesel
high
(HRF).
In
our
earlier
study,
substitution
ratio
(ASR)
optimized
40%.
To
optimize
settings,
is
added
quantities
ranging
from
5
20%
by
energy
share.
The
combustion,
performance,
emission
characteristics
were
investigated
for
trinary
operation.
result
shows
that
premixing
40%
ammonia-biodiesel
operation
increased
peak
cylinder
pressure
(CP),
heat
release
rate
(HRR),
cumulative
(CHRR)
15.12,
25.15,
26.68%,
respectively.
Ignition
delay
(ID)
duration
(CD)
decreased
15.53
11.24%,
phasing
angle
advanced
4
°CA.
brake
(BTE)
improved
15.49%,
specific
consumption
(BSEC)
reduced
21.92%.
While
nitrogen
oxide
(NOx)
level
significantly
about
31.82%,
hydrocarbon
(HC),
carbon
monoxide
(CO),
smoke,
exhaust
gas
temperature
(EGT)
24.53,
28.16,
25.82,
17.47%
compared
ASR40%
combustion.
Molecules,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
29(1), С. 176 - 176
Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2023
This
paper
investigates
the
effect
of
equivalence
ratio
on
pollutant
formation
characteristics
CH4O/H2/NH3
ternary
fuel
combustion
and
analyzes
mechanisms
CO,
CO2,
NOX
at
molecular
level.
It
was
found
that
lowering
accelerates
decomposition
CH4O,
H2,
NH3
in
general.
The
fastest
rate
consumption
each
φ
=
0.33,
while
rates
CH4O
were
similar
for
0.66
0.4.
CO
shows
an
inverted
U-shaped
trend
with
time,
peaks
0.5.
amount
CO2
are
inversely
proportional
to
ratio.
is
obvious
when
>
NO2
main
component
NOX.
When
<
0.66,
a
continuous
increasing
trend,
≥
then
stabilizing
trend.
Reaction
path
analysis
showed
intermediates
such
as
CH3
CH4
added
CH2O
conversion
stage
decreased
New
pathways,
CH4O→CH3→CH2O
CH4O→CH3→CH4→CH2O,
added.
At
≤
0.5,
new
CHO2
CH2O2
stage,
pathways
added:
CH2O→CO→CHO2→CO2,
CH2O→CO→CO2,
CH2O→CHO→CO→CHO2→CO2,
CH2O→CH2O2→CO2.
reduction
number
radical
reactions
required
NO
from
five
two
directly
contributes
large
formation.
Equivalent
ratios
1
0.33
corresponded
12%,
21.4%,
34%,
46.95%,
48.86%
remaining,
respectively.
due
fact
decreases,
more
O2
collides
form
OH
some
involved
reaction
forming
NO2.
