International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Alexandria Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 100, С. 182 - 207
Опубликована: Май 21, 2024
The demand for fossil fuels is rising rapidly, leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen has emerged as a promising clean energy alternative that could help meet future demands way sustainably, especially if produced using renewable methods. For hydrogen meaningfully contribute transitions, it needs more integration into sectors like transportation, buildings, and power currently have minimal usage. This requires developing extensive cross-sector infrastructure. review examines combustion fuel by exploring comparing production techniques, enriching ammonia with CO2-free option, applications in engines. Additionally, techno-economic environmental risk analysis discussed. Results showed steam methane reforming the most established cost-effective method at $1.3–1.5/kg H2 70–85% efficiency but generates CO2. Biomass gasification costs $1.25–2.20/kg pyrolysis $1.77–2.05/kg offering options. However, bio-photolysis high of $1.42–2.13/kg due low conversion rates requiring large reactors. Blending H2/NH3 enable carbon-free combustion, aiding carbon neutrality pursuits, minimizing resultant NOx crucial. Hydrogen's wide uses from transportation underline its potential transformational carrier.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
55
International Journal of Energy Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2024(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
This review discusses the history, fundamentals, and applications of different fuel cell technologies, including proton exchange membrane cells (PEMFCs), direct methanol cells, solid oxide (SOFCs), phosphoric acid (PAFCs), alkaline (AFCs), molten carbonate (MCFCs). Recent advances in technologies have led to potential aerospace, transportation, portable stationary power generation due high efficiency low emissions. Fuel types are also compared based on efficiency, operating temperature, lifetime, energy/power density, cost. It was noticed that PEMFCs highest mass reaching 1,000 W/kg less than 100 for SOFCs, which makes them suitable such as aircraft. AFCs low‐temperature highly efficient. SOFCs MCFCs better high‐temperature operations. robust high‐power demands, while advantageous output. Hydrogen promise decarbonize transportation aviation sectors with advantages lower weight, compactness, quick startup times. However, challenges remain around renewable hydrogen production/infrastructure aircraft integration, besides storage, water management inside operational robustness under varying pressures. Generally, all types, more focus should be given enhancing stability materials reducing their
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
43
Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2024
Abstract Human spaceflight, lunar exploration projects, and interstellar travel are the grand visions of human universe. However, energy sustainability these projects is a concern. Electromagnetic functional materials devices expected to fulfill their potential in electronic communication utilization. Herein, hetero‐dimensional micro‐nano architectures composed Cu 3 Se 2 microspheres reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets fabricated for first time by sacrificial template method, anion substitution engineering, electrostatic adsorption, reduction‐oxidation reaction. Based on excellent electromagnetic response composites, they exhibit strong ultra‐wide microwave absorption ability with effective bandwidth (EAB) reaching 8.24 GHz at thickness 2.2 mm. In addition, an metamaterial EAB ≈13.5 proposed, exhibiting significant properties. More significantly, composites can be used construct range devices: spiral antenna adjustable return loss gain, maximum gain up 2.5 dBi; microstrip power divider that efficiently split input signal into four equal parts output it; hybridized transport device convert store energy. This work provides new inspiration protection, communication, development.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
21
Journal of the Air Transport Research Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3, С. 100029 - 100029
Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024
The global aviation industry faces a pronounced challenge to mitigate its contribution anthropogenic climate change, which is caused by burning fossil fuels. One potential pathway the transition towards using green hydrogen as zero-carbon fuel. Next technological, infrastructural, and economical challenges, this would introduce wide range of operational infrastructural changes system centred around safety reliability. This study employs holistic approach examines these from flight network perspective, focusing on passenger transport in Europe. It utilizes modelling linear optimization techniques determine imposed introduction first-generation narrowbody aircraft. findings are threefold: First, shows that air transportation can be adequately re-created demand direct operating cost only, without considering revenue airline-specific factors. Second, aircraft will have substantial impact structure, incl. frequency, capacity, stopover routes, depending seat capacity design. Lastly, it also airports favourable supply benefit aviation.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
9
Aerospace, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(1), С. 35 - 35
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025
The present work demonstrates a comparative study of hydrogen fuel cells and combustion aircraft to investigate the potential as visionary propulsion system for radically more sustainable medium- long-range commercial aircraft. study, which considered future airframe technologies under Se2A project, was conducted quantify emissions costs associated with such determine benefits drawbacks each energy option different market segments. Future in include laminar flow control, active load alleviation, new materials structures, ultra-high bypass ratio turbofan engines, efficient thermal management systems, superconducting electric motors. A multi-fidelity initial sizing framework coupled constraint mission analysis blocks used parametric airplane calculations all necessary characteristics. Analyses performed three reference sizes ranges concluded that fuel-cell could have operating cost increases order 30% compared configurations were caused by substantial weight burn increases. In-flight changes cell at high altitudes progressively reduced from medium-range segments being similar 24% large aircraft, although consume 22–30% than Results demonstrate positive environmental impact applications, possibilities emission-universal solution, if desired optimistic technology performance metrics are satisfied. also increasing requirements larger making application’s feasibility challenging. Therefore, development is imperative. article emphasizes importance necessity green production achieve emissions.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Elsevier eBooks, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 331 - 415
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Процитировано
1
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 91, С. 88 - 105
Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
8
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 91, С. 137 - 171
Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
8
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 95, С. 317 - 328
Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
7
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 96, С. 639 - 651
Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6