Energies,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(20), С. 5216 - 5216
Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2024
The
flow
characteristics
of
homogeneous
gases
in
complex
systems
are
an
important
issue
many
areas,
including
underground
mines.
mine
excavations
and
ventilation
is
described
by
known
mathematical
relationships
that
could
be
applied
to
various
cases.
In
this
paper,
a
duct
with
local
sink
mass
momentum
for
multiple
variants
cooperation
mechanical
fan
was
analyzed.
the
total
static
pressure
air
were
derived.
next
stage,
calculation
example
how
rate
air,
flowing
will
change
tested
sections
without
sink,
presented.
derived
formulas
calculated
values
considered
case
allow
verification
obtained
at
measurement
station.
Analyzing
results
examples
presented
article,
it
can
concluded
point
differ
depending
on
equation
motion
used.
classic
equation,
value
lower
than
from
new
motion,
difference
between
them
about
20
Pa.
pressure,
46
Qualitative
differences
distribution
release
location
also
demonstrated.
Depending
approach,
positive
or
negative
changes
noticed.
form
made
possible
determine
operation
fan.
International Journal of Structural Integrity,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025
Purpose
Transporting
hydrogen
through
natural
gas
pipelines
in
blended
compositions
has
been
proven
to
be
a
highly
feasible
solution
the
short
term.
However,
under
hydrogen-rich
environments,
steel
structures
are
prone
hydrogen-induced
damage
(HID).
Additionally,
uncertainties
various
parameters
can
significantly
impact
performance
evaluation
of
pipelines.
Efficient
reliability
and
sensitivity
analyses
medium-
high-strength
considering
HID
have
become
challenge.
Therefore,
primary
aim
this
study
is
address
issue.
Design/methodology/approach
This
first
establishes
analysis
models
for
steels,
represented
by
X65
X80.
In
these
models,
effect
expressed
reduced
stress,
its
statistical
calculated.
Then,
efficient
enhanced
order
method
(FORM)
proposed
pipeline
analysis.
overcomes
oscillation
convergence
issues
traditional
FORM
when
dealing
with
certain
problems
compute
negative
indices.
The
applied
solve
constructed
models.
Finally,
conducted
on
identify
key
variables
affecting
HID.
Findings
First,
two
examples
used
validate
effectiveness
FORM.
using
X80
reveals
that,
both
types
steel,
indices
decrease
compared
cases
without
decline
more
pronounced
than
steel.
As
internal
pressure
increases,
steels
drops
sharply,
showing
concave
parabolic
trend.
Moreover,
shows
that
at
10
MPa,
X65,
pressure,
wall
thickness
model
error
top
three
factors
influencing
reliability.
influence
becomes
stronger,
while
other
diminishes.
Notably,
presence
amplifies
not
considered,
but
trend
reversed.
Originality/value
Given
urgent
need
safety
studies
transport
pipelines,
research
provides
new
insights
constructing
introducing
an
method.
results
offer
valuable
serve
as
reference
engineering
design.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
80, С. 821 - 831
Опубликована: Июль 18, 2024
We
investigate
the
challenges
and
options
for
repurposing
existing
natural
gas
pipelines
hydrogen
transportation.
Challenges
of
re-purposing
are
mainly
related
to
safety
due
risk
embrittlement
pipeline
steels
smaller
molecular
size
gas.
From
an
economic
perspective,
lower
volumetric
energy
density
compared
is
a
challenge.
three
in
depth:
a)
no
modification
but
enhanced
maintenance,
b)
use
gaseous
inhibitors,
c)
pipe-in-pipe
approach.
The
levelized
costs
transportation
these
case
German
Norddeutsche
Erdgasleitung
(NEL)
pipeline.
find
similar
cost
range
all
options.
This
indicates
that
other
criteria
such
as
sunk
costs,
public
acceptance,
consumer
requirements
likely
shape
decision
making
repurposing.
Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
91, С. 105403 - 105403
Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2024
This
paper
outlines
the
challenges
and
opportunities
involved
in
developing
a
safe
sustainable
hydrogen
infrastructure.
The
growing
global
energy
demand
environmental
impacts
of
fossil
fuels
have
sparked
interest
alternative
sources.
Hydrogen,
as
an
environmentally
friendly
carrier,
offers
promising
solution.
However,
widespread
adoption
technologies
faces
significant
safety
data
reliability
challenges.
reviews
existing
literature
on
safety,
encompassing
leak
diffusion,
fire
explosion,
deflagration
to
detonation
transition
(DDT),
risk
assessments,
mitigation
techniques
associated
with
different
facilities.
Multiple
approaches,
including
probabilistic
analysis,
computational
fluid
dynamics
(CFD),
experimental
measurements,
machine
learning
algorithms
(MLAs),
ensure
are
also
explored.
Existing
hydrogen-related
accidents
extensively
analysed.
Despite
progress
research,
limitations
still
exist.
These
include
lack
reliable
data,
limited
AI
applications
due
availability
issues,
need
for
economic
storage,
importance
providing
personnel
adequate
awareness
knowledge.
Moreover,
article
identifies
future
research
investigating
auto-ignition
mechanisms,
collecting
more
integrating
CFD
investigate
dispersion
behaviour,
exploring
sensor's
technology,
inherently
safer
designs,
studying
integrated
evolving
accident
scenarios.
In
conclusion,
emphasises
addressing
establish
secure
dependable
It
highlights
further
enhance
protocols,
robust
standards,
support
long-term
sustainability
goals
industry.
insights
provided
this
study
can
contribute
identifying
areas,
improving
measures,
IntechOpen eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025
Gas
pipelines
are
fundamental
structures
for
transporting
energy
resources.
Their
integrity
is
constantly
threatened
by
failures
caused
potential
punctures
or
ruptures,
leading
to
gas
releases,
which
can
have
significant
consequences
the
installation,
people,
and
environment.
Various
methodologies
been
proposed
improve
Pipeline
Structural
Integrity
Management
(PSIM)
processes.
In
this
work,
a
model
estimating
probability
of
release
failure
using
Quantitative
Fault
Tree
Analysis
(QFTA)
approach.
The
Minimum
Cut
Set
(MCS)
technique
applied
along
with
assessment
Importance
Measures
(IM)
provide
an
accurate
estimation
rate
(λ)
identification
most
critical
basic
events.
This
information
be
used
support
actions
in
Risk-Based
Inspection
(RBI)
Reliability-Centered
Maintenance
(RCM)
eliminate,
control,
mitigate
risks.
was
validated
comparing
results
obtained
through
Monte
Carlo
Simulation
data
from
official
databases
pipeline
incidents/accidents
similar
models
published
literature.
proved
capable
accurately
(λ),
closely
matching
database
values
more
convergent
than
those
achieved
reference
study
also
provides
guidelines
correct
effective
application
PSIM
routines.
Chemical Product and Process Modeling,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
20(1), С. 129 - 158
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Abstract
The
integration
of
hydrogen
as
an
energy
carrier
into
existing
natural
gas
pipeline
infrastructure
presents
a
promising
option
for
the
decarbonization
sector.
However,
using
in
pipelines
requires
overcoming
engineering
challenges
attributed
to
physical
property
and
design
considerations
both
which
may
result
failures.
To
this
end,
study
employs
multi-software
approach
model
steady-state
transient
behaviors
blended
with
under
cyclic
variations.
For
state
modeling,
Crank-Nicolson
implicit
scheme
is
applied
100
km
200
nodes,
time
interval
20
s
MATLAB.
one
dimensional
flow
modeling
aspects
are
analyzed
more
detail
finite
element
method
COMSOL.
also
highlights
importance
inventory
analysis,
focusing
on
trade-off
between
transport
capacity
flexibility;
particularly
respect
packing
drafting
operations.
intrinsic
properties
blends
(0–20
%)
GERG
Equation
State
(EoS)
ASPEN.
Results
indicate
that
COMSOL
shows
less
stability
than
abrupt
demand
changes,
percentage
error
±11
%
compared
benchmark
study.
Additionally,
analysis
suggests
prevent
failure,
can
only
be
drafted
3.6
h.
Steady-state
reveals
blending
significantly
impacts
design,
changes
specific
gravity,
compressibility
factor,
speed
sound.
finds
higher
reduces
pressure
drop
isothermal
conditions,
resulting
lower
compressor
power
requirements.
This
provides
foundation
strategies
aimed
at
adapting
use.
