Regulatory cytokines modulate early isotype-specific response associated with COVID-19 survival

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2025

Identifying immune markers driving early and effective antibody response in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical due to the threat of future pandemics, incomplete global vaccination, suboptimal booster coverage. Patients life-threatening acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are characterized by dysregulated thromboinflammation cytokine storm that could influence isotype virus-specific subsequent clinical outcome. We investigated association between COVID-19-related mortality dynamics, magnitude, relative avidity nucleoprotein (N), spike (S), receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgM, IgA, IgG circulation. also assessed relationship responses patterns, as well systemic pulmonary markers. This multicenter study included COVID-19 hospitalized pandemic, classified survivors (n=62) non-survivors (n=17). developed indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) evaluate each using well-characterized outpatient (n=180) pre-pandemic cohorts (n=111). The pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-6 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, regulatory IL-10, transforming growth (TGF)-β1, soluble receptor I (sTNFRI) levels were evaluated. ELISAs performed highly for all isotypes, although modest IgM-N. Non-survivors increased N-specific, but no S-specific, IgM IgA throughout course and, more notably, a delayed class switching IgG-S IgG-RBD compared survivors. No differences observed avidity. Survivors exhibited an proportional degree thromboinflammation, whereas showed those dissociated because their uncontrolled thromboinflammation. Only dominant pattern phase (<10 days after symptoms onset), which strongly correlated developing protective antibodies. easy-to-use enable patient monitoring identify at-risk populations low- middle-income regions. displayed ineffective N-mediated response, marked inability control inflammation compromised time-dependent toward S RBD-specific IgG. axis, including TGF-β1, maybe correlate antibody-mediated immunity COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

Development of a prediction nomogram for IgG levels among asymptomatic or mild patients with COVID-19

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2024

COVID-19 has evolved into a seasonal coronavirus disease, characterized by prolonged infection duration and repeated infections, significantly increasing the risk of patients developing long COVID. Our research focused on immune responses in asymptomatic mild cases, particularly critical factors influencing serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels their predictive value.

Язык: Английский