Intelligence
is
polygenic,
highly
heritable,
and
predicts
wide-ranging
life
outcomes.
Here,
we
meta-analysed
the
predictive
validity
of
polygenic
scores
for
intelligence
based
on
largest
available
genome-wide
association
study
(or
GWAS;
Savage
et
al.,
2018)
tested,
phenotypic
to
date.
Across
32
estimates
from
9
independent
samples,
which
all
came
WEIRD
countries
were
European
ancestry
(Ntotal=452,864),
our
meta-analytic
estimate
between
was
ρ=.245
(p<.001,
95%
CI=.184
–
.307),
an
effect
medium
size.
The
varied
across
studies,
measures
intelligence,
even
after
accounting
these
moderators,
score
predictions
remained
significantly
heterogenous.
Our
findings
support
claims
that
benefit
advance
research
but
their
utility
in
other
contexts
yet
be
demonstrated.
Educational Psychology Review,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(4)
Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2024
Abstract
Recent
advances
in
genomics
make
it
possible
to
predict
individual
differences
education
from
polygenic
scores
that
are
person-specific
aggregates
of
inherited
DNA
differences.
Here,
we
systematically
reviewed
and
meta-analyzed
the
strength
these
DNA-based
predictions
for
educational
attainment
(e.g.,
years
spent
full-time
education)
achievement
school
grades).
For
(
k
=
20,
n
16,
N
total
314,757),
a
multilevel
meta-analysis
showed
an
association
with
ρ
.27
(95%
CI
.22
.32).
19,
10,
83,788),
was
.24
.18
.30).
Eurocentric
biases
were
evident
only
15%
estimates
being
reported
samples
non-European
ancestry.
After
accounting
sample
ancestry,
age
at
assessment,
measure,
meta-analytic
increased
.29
.33)
.50
.39
.61)
achievement,
indicative
large
effect
sizes.
All
associated
significant
heterogeneity.
Our
findings
suggest
sizeable
but
vary
across
studies.
We
outline
three
steps
safeguard
potential
applications
score
maximize
their
benefits
personalizing
learning,
while
minimizing
bioethical
risks
perpetuating
social,
cultural,
economic
inequalities.
Mathematics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(21), С. 3308 - 3308
Опубликована: Окт. 22, 2024
This
review
explores
how
intuitive
processes
drive
innovation,
which
we
define
as
novel
ideas,
inventions,
or
artistic
creations
that
cannot
be
logically
derived
from
existing
knowledge
sensory
data.
Although
are
not
yet
fully
recognized
a
formal
area
of
scientific
research,
this
paper
examines
current
approaches
to
their
study
and
modeling.
It
highlights
the
necessity
integrating
unconventional
modeling
methods
with
neuroscience
gain
deeper
insights
into
these
processes.
Key
experimental
studies
investigating
extrasensory
abilities—such
remote
viewing,
precognition,
telepathy—are
reviewed,
emphasizing
potential
relevance
innovation.
We
propose
combining
systems
neurology
can
provide
new
perspectives
on
neural
mechanisms
underpinning
intuition
creativity.
emphasizes
critical
need
for
further
research
address
complex
global
challenges.
calls
more
open,
interdisciplinary
approach
inquiry,
promoting
exploration
forms
generation
correlates.
Intelligence
tests
are
excellent
predictors
of
school
and
job
performance
racial/ethnic
differences
in
mean
IQ
common.
Based
on
five
lines
evidence,
Warne
(2021)
builds
a
case
for
partly
genetic
causes
general
intelligence
(g)
across
American
Self/Parental-identified
race
or
ethnicity
(SIRE).
careful
reading
the
authors
he
cites,
we
generated
15
predictions
flowing
from
partial
hypothesis.
These
concern
(1)
cognitive
Spearman’s
hypothesis,
(2)
measurement
invariance
European
ancestry,
(3)
high
within-group
heritability
low
shared
environmentality,
(4)
admixture
regression
g,
(5)
polygenic
scores,
(6)
brain
volume,
(7)
results
based
method
correlated
vectors.
We
used
Adolescent
Brain
Cognitive
Development
Study
sample
(N
=
10,245)
to
test
these
hypotheses
using
classical
state-of-the-art
statistical
techniques.
Decomposition
variance
twins
showed
that
brain/intracranial
volume
estimates
were,
respectively,
moderate
White
non-White
subsamples,
while
attributable
environment
was
low.
Within
SIRE
groups,
both
ancestry
education-related
scores
(eduPGS)
predicted
g.
Moreover,
weakly
but
statistically
significantly
related
g
(r
.14
.25).
Path
mediation
analysis
total
explained
approximately
15%
association
between
also
8%
eduPGS
Finally,
vectors
(MCV),
positive
manifold
found
genetic,
ancestry/SIRE-related
variables.
conclude
support
tested
line
with
Recent
advances
in
genomics
make
it
possible
to
predict
individual
differences
education
from
polygenic
scores
that
are
person-specific
aggregates
of
inherited
DNA
differences.
Here,
we
systematically
reviewed
and
meta-analyzed
the
strength
these
DNA-based
predictions
for
educational
attainment
(e.g.,
years
spent
full-time
education)
achievement
school
grades).
For
(k
=
20,
n
16,
Ntotal
314,757),
a
multi-level
meta-analysis
showed
an
association
with
ρ
.27
(95%
CI
.22
.32).
19,
10,
83,788),
was
.24
.18
.30).
Eurocentric
biases
were
evident
only
15%
estimates
being
reported
samples
non-European
ancestry.
After
accounting
sample
ancestry,
age
at
assessment,
measure,
meta-analytic
increased
.29
.33)
.50
.39
.61)
achievement,
indicative
large
effect
sizes.
Both
continued
be
associated
significant
heterogeneity.
Our
findings
suggest
sizeable
but
vary
across
studies.
We
outline
three
steps
safeguard
potential
applications
score
maximize
their
benefits
personalizing
learning,
while
minimizing
bioethical
risks
perpetuating
social,
cultural,
economic
inequalities.
Journal of Psychiatric Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
177, С. 412 - 419
Опубликована: Июль 30, 2024
Monozygotic
twins
share
the
same
genotype;
however,
they
can
be
phenotypically
discordant
on
various
traits.
Studying
monozygotic
allows
investigation
of
differences
in
associations
between
symptoms
and
psychopathological
risk
factors,
controlled
for
shared
genetic
liability.
The
network
approach
to
psychopathology
suggests
that
depressive
symptoms,
along
with
protective
factors
(e.g.,
cognition,
daily
activities),
form
a
complex
system
mutually
interacting
components.
We
compared
lifetime
depression
their
respective
extended
networks
cognitive
functions
activities
(intellectual,
physical,
social),
evaluated
if
these
differ
variables
role
each
variable
within
network.
Regularized
partial
correlations
investigated
networks'
composition
147
twin
pairs
from
Danish
Twin
Registry.
Affected
had
stronger
overall
than
unaffected
co-twins,
while
importance
components'
did
not
co-twins.
In
affected
twins,
decreased
frequency
experiencing
happiness
strongest
association
remaining
(i.e.,
most
influence
activating
other
elements).
Also,
different
groups
were
significantly
associated
loneliness
delayed
memory,
pessimism
low
social
activities,
verbal
learning
intellectual
activities).
both
mood
important,
but
between-groups
quasi-absent.
These
results
suggest
external
events
affecting
ability
feel
likely
trigger
process
(depression
activation),
independently
predisposition
depression.
