Circular RNAs in tumor immunity and immunotherapy

Molecular Cancer, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are unique noncoding that have a closed and stable loop structure generated through backsplicing. Due to their conservation, stability tissue specificity, circRNAs can potentially be used as diagnostic indicators therapeutic targets for certain tumors. Many studies shown act microRNA (miRNA) sponges, engage in interactions with proteins translation templates regulate gene expression signal transduction, thereby participating the occurrence development of variety malignant Immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment cancer. Early researches indicated involved regulating tumor immune microenvironment antitumor immunity. CircRNAs may potential important increasing sensitivity immunotherapy expanding population patients who benefit from cancer immunotherapy. However, few investigated correlation between In this review, we summarize current on regulation different mechanisms value efficacy goal providing new

Язык: Английский

---

A novel pathway for stemness propagation and chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer via phosphorylated PKM2-loaded small extracellular vesicles

Theranostics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(8), С. 3439 - 3461

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025

Rationale: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a predominant cause of cancer-related mortality, with its progression and treatment resistance significantly influenced by stem cells (CSCs) their complex intercellular communication mechanisms. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as pivotal mediators signaling, affecting tumor microenvironment modulation therapeutic resistance. This study investigates the role CSC-derived sEVs in transmitting stemness traits through selective sorting pyruvate kinase M2 phosphorylated at Y105 site (pY105-PKM2), mediated adaptor protein IQGAP1, which supports CSC maintenance drug NSCLC. Methods: In vitro vivo experiments, including proteomic transcriptomic analyses, were conducted to identify key regulators sEV-mediated signaling. Immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assays, immunofluorescence used examine IQGAP1 pY105-PKM2 into sEVs. Functional sphere formation, chemoresistance tests, metabolic assessments, cycle analysis, evaluate effects delivery on recipient cells. Additionally, immunohistochemistry survival analysis performed samples from NSCLC patients establish clinical correlations. Results: We unveiled novel mechanism transmit replenish pool enriched pY105-PKM2, correlating enhanced stemness, chemoresistance, poor outcomes. Mechanistically, was identified an facilitating interactions ESCRT component TSG101. Recipient treated exhibited reprogramming, slower progression, chemoresistance. The synergistic confirmed, highlighting critical contributions malignant progression. Conclusion: highlights therapy IQGAP1-mediated pY105-PKM2. By uncovering this pathway, our findings provide valuable insights replenishment mechanisms NSCLC, identifying promising targets for mitigating CSC-driven malignancy enhancing efficacy.

Язык: Английский

---

Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Oral Cancer Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(8), С. 1809 - 1809

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2024

Oral cancer (OC) presents a significant global health burden with rising incidence rates. Despite advancements in diagnosis and treatments, the survival rate for OC patients, particularly those advanced or recurrent disease, remains low at approximately 20%. This poor prognosis is often due to small population of stem cells (CSCs) that are capable self-renewal immune evasion, playing pivotal roles proliferation, tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, therapy resistance. Exosomes, which nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs), have emerged as crucial mediators cell-to-cell communication within microenvironment (TME). These carry diverse molecules such DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, metabolites, influencing various cellular processes. Emerging evidence suggests CSC-derived EVs significantly promote progression metastasis maintain balance between CSCs non-CSCs, vital intracellular TME oral cancer. Recent reports indicate cell-derived (OCSC-EVs) influence stemness, angiogenesis, reoccurrence, drug Understanding OCSC-EVs could improve diagnosis, prognosis, therapy. In this mini-review, we explore OCSC-derived exosomes cancer, examining their potential diagnostic prognostic biomarkers reflect CSC characteristics, delve into therapeutic implications, emphasizing However, despite promising potential, several challenges remain, including need standardize isolation characterization methods elucidate exosome-mediated mechanisms. Thus, comprehensive understanding pave way innovative strategies clinical outcomes patients.

Язык: Английский

---

<strong></strong>Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Oral Cancer Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2024

Oral cancer (OC) presents a significant global health burden with rising incidence rates. Despite advancements in diagnosis and treatments, the survival rate for OC patients, particularly those advanced or recurrent disease, remains low at approximately 20%. This poor prognosis is often due to small population of stem cells (CSCs) that are capable self-renewal immune evasion, thus playing pivotal roles proliferation, tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, therapy resistance. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs), have emerged as crucial mediators cell-to-cell communication within microenvironment (TME). These carry diverse molecules such DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, metabolites, influencing various cellular processes. Emerging evidence suggests CSC-derived EVs promoting progression metastasis maintaining balance between CSCs non-CSCs, which vital intracellular TME oral cancer. Recent reports indicate cell-derived (OCSC-EVs) influence stemness, angiogenesis, reoccurrence, drug Understanding OCSC-EVs could significantly improve diagnosis, prognosis, therapy. In this mini-review, we explore OCSC-derived exosomes cancer, examining their potential diagnostic prognostic biomarkers reflect CSC characteristics, delve into therapeutic implications, emphasizing However, despite promising potential, several challenges remain, including need standardize isolation characterization methods elucidate exosome-mediated mechanisms. Thus, comprehensive understanding pave way innovative strategies clinical outcomes patients.

Язык: Английский

---

Exosomes in cancer diagnosis based on the Latest Evidence: Where are We?

International Immunopharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 142, С. 113133 - 113133

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2024

Язык: Английский

---