Macrophages in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): dual roles as therapeutic tools and targets

Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Март 6, 2025

Graft-versus-host disease remains one of the most formidable barriers to complete success hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that has emerged as curative approach for many malignancies because it affects quality life and overall survival. Macrophages are among important members immune system, which perform dual roles in GVHD both therapeutic tools targets. This review epitomizes multifunctional role macrophages pathophysiology acute chronic GVHD. play an early phase their recruitment infiltration into target organs. Furthermore, they polarize two functionally different phenotypes, including M1 M2. In case GVHD, express phenotype characterized by production pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute tissue damage. contrast, tend toward M2 associated with repair tissues fibrosis. A critical balance these phenotypes is central course severity Further interactions other lymphocytes such T cells, B fibroblast further determine Macrophage interaction alloreactive cells promotes inflammation. therefore inducing injuries during Interaction macrophages, cell, fibroblast, CD4+ fibrosis and, hence, subsequent dysfunction These some insights, while several challenges remain. First, impact dominant on polarization incompletely sometimes controversial. Second, development targeted therapies able modulate macrophage function without systemic side effects area ongoing investigation. Future directions involve exploration macrophage-targeted therapies, small molecules, antibodies, nanotechnology, behavior improve patient outcomes. underlines fact a profound understanding essential developing new more effective strategies. Targeting might represent avenue decreasing incidence improving safety HSCT.

Язык: Английский

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Extraction methods, structural features and bioactivity diversity of polysaccharides from the genus Chrysanthemum: A review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 139423 - 139423

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Immune cells differentiation in osteoarthritic cartilage damage: friends or foes?

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Март 25, 2025

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease primarily characterized by degenerative changes in articular cartilage and synovitis, for which there are currently no targeted or curative therapies available clinical practice. In recent years, the in-depth analysis of OA using single-cell sequencing immunomics technologies has revealed presence multiple immune cell subsets, as well different differentiation states within same subset, OA. Through immune-immune immune-joint tissue interactions, these cells collectively promote inhibit progression arthritis. This complex network, where “friends foes coexist,” made therapeutic strategies aimed at directly eliminating challenging, highlighting urgent need detailed review composition, distribution, functional heterogeneity, potential, potential risks subsets joint. Additionally, similarities differences between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) terms diagnosis immunotherapy to be precisely understood, order draw lessons from reject RA-based immunotherapies. To this end, summarizes major triggers inflammation OA, characteristics key compares RA treatment. It also outlines current immunomodulatory their limitations. Furthermore, we provide focused discussion on that act foes” arthritis, covering M1/M2 polarization macrophages, heterogeneity neutrophils, unique roles dendritic maturation states, balance pro-inflammatory T regulatory (Tregs), diverse functions B cells, plasma (Bregs) By interpreting clarifies dynamic interactions joints, providing theoretical foundation more precise interventions future

Язык: Английский

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Characterizing spatial immune architecture in metastatic melanoma using high-dimensional multiplex imaging

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2025

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved survival for patients with metastatic melanoma, yet many experienceresistance due to immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Understanding how spatial architecture of and inflammatory components changes across disease stages may reveal novel prognostic biomarkers therapeutic targets. We performed high-dimensional profiling two melanoma tissue microarrays (TMAs), representing Stage III (n = 157) IV 248) tumors. Using imaging mass cytometry (IMC) multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF), we characterized phenotypic, functional, properties TIME. Cellular neighborhoods were defined by marker expression, interactions between cells quantified using nearest-neighbor functions (G-cross). Associations assessed Cox proportional hazards models robust variance estimation. tumors exhibited a distinct landscape, increased CD74- MIF-enriched reduced iNOS-associated regions compared III. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) more prevalent in TIME, while B NK depleted. Spatial analysis revealed that CTL-Th cell, NK-T B-NK cell linked survival, whereas macrophage aggregation excessive B-Th clustering correlated worse outcomes. Organ-specific analyses showed CTL infiltration near predicted gastrointestinal metastases, lymph node skin metastases. Our results stage-specific shifts composition organization In advanced disease, emerge alongside localization, patterns coordination-particularly involving CTLs, cells, cells-strongly predicting survival. These findings highlight refine patient stratification guide combination immunotherapy strategies targeting

Язык: Английский

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The role of IL-39 in autoimmune diseases: From general to immunopathogenesis

Cytokine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 192, С. 156969 - 156969

Опубликована: Май 28, 2025

Язык: Английский

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