Forward
osmosis
(FO)
is
a
promising
desalination
technology
to
address
global
freshwater
demand.
However,
drawback
the
use
of
draw
solvent
that
can
be
regenerated
enable
continuous
process.
Recently,
thermally
responsive
ionic
liquids
(ILs)
have
been
demonstrated
exhibit
high
osmotic
pressures
and
liquid-liquid
phase
separation
with
water
upon
heating.
This
behavior
enables
utilization
low-cost
heat
from
solar
energy,
which
abundant
in
regions
face
scarcity.
In
this
work,
we
develop
system
design
for
solar-thermal
FO
simulate
its
performance
using
location-specific
data,
integrated
thermal
energy
storage
minimize
intermittency.
A
technoeconomic
optimization
analysis
also
performed
determine
optimal
sizing
minimizes
levelized
cost
(LCOW)
at
distributed
scale
10
m3/day.
To
evaluate
feasibility,
case
studies
are
presented
different
locations
within
United
States:
Phoenix,
AZ;
San
Diego,
CA;
Atlanta,
GA.
Notably,
over
96%
required
regeneration
comes
and/or
storage,
auxiliary
heating
electricity
The
reveals
positive
outlook
small-scale
desalination,
approaching
$1/m3
by
lowering
costs
collector
module.
Zero
liquid
discharge
(ZLD)
is
a
treatment
process
to
address
challenges
with
brine
disposal
from
desalination
plants.
To
achieve
ZLD,
concentrator
used
extract
water
until
high
salinity
approaching
saturation
reached.
However,
state-of-the-art
concentrators
are
energy-intensive
thermal
evaporators
comprising
expensive
metal
alloys
and
complex
maintenance.
This
study
presents
the
design
of
new
referred
as
air
gap
diffusion
distillation
(AGDD)
that
operates
without
membrane
up
salinity.
A
holistic
analytical
framework
developed
evaluate
system
performance
function
its
energy
efficiency
(gained
output
ratio,
GOR)
flux
(recovery
RR),
these
metrics
directly
impact
levelized
cost
(LCOW)
produced.
Specifically,
multi-pass
AGDD
achieves
an
overall
recovery
~70%
GOR
7
(88%
latent
heat
recovery)
for
feed
70
g/kg.
comparison
made
thermodynamically
similar
counterpart,
(AGMD),
which
reveals
outperforms
AGMD
owing
reduction
in
mass
transport
resistances
associated
membrane.
The
corresponding
LCOW
1.6×
lower
than
AGMD,
making
it
promising
salinities
>200
Forward
osmosis
(FO)
is
a
promising
desalination
technology
to
address
global
freshwater
demand.
However,
drawback
the
use
of
draw
solvent
that
can
be
regenerated
enable
continuous
process.
Recently,
thermally
responsive
ionic
liquids
(ILs)
have
been
demonstrated
exhibit
high
osmotic
pressures
and
liquid-liquid
phase
separation
with
water
upon
heating.
This
behavior
enables
utilization
low-cost
heat
from
solar
energy,
which
abundant
in
regions
face
scarcity.
In
this
work,
we
develop
system
design
for
solar-thermal
FO
simulate
its
performance
using
location-specific
data,
integrated
thermal
energy
storage
minimize
intermittency.
A
technoeconomic
optimization
analysis
also
performed
determine
optimal
sizing
minimizes
levelized
cost
(LCOW)
at
distributed
scale
10
m3/day.
To
evaluate
feasibility,
case
studies
are
presented
different
locations
within
United
States:
Phoenix,
AZ;
San
Diego,
CA;
Atlanta,
GA.
Notably,
over
96%
required
regeneration
comes
and/or
storage,
auxiliary
heating
electricity
The
reveals
positive
outlook
small-scale
desalination,
approaching
$1/m3
by
lowering
costs
collector
module.
