Climate
variability
and
staff
mobility
have
exacerbated
the
vulnerability
of
indoor
environment,
which
calls
for
air-conditioning
units
can
accommodate
active
regulation
demand
changing
heat
humidity
loads.
The
identification
refrigerant
constitutes
an
essential
sector
system
design.
A
composition-adjustable
dual
cooling
source
(CADCS)
chiller
has
been
proposed
utilizing
characteristics
inefficient
condensation
non-azeotropic
mixture.
Separated
flows
working
fluid
with
flexible
mass
fraction
flow
rate
respectively
treat
waste
moisture.
Multi-criteria
screening
mechanism
is
established
from
aspect
application
field,
environmental
impact,
cycle
architecture
adaptability,
liquid
separation
potential,
pre-selects
R32/isobutane,
R32/R1234ze(E),
R32/R1234yf,
propane/isobutane
propane/R1234ze(E)
as
candidates.
Thermodynamic
performance
optimization
conducted
on
CADCS
basic
(BDCS)
under
design
off-design
conditions.
Propane/isobutane
outperforms
all
candidates
at
a
0.5:0.5
characterized
by
obvious
temperature
glide
close
to
change
transfer
medium.
maximum
coefficient
(COP)
reaches
5.2
BDCS
4.42
during
vapor
quality
0.436
cycle.
exergy
loss
evaporator
reduced
17.1%-73.7%
while
efficiency
improved
3%-59.7%
due
match
refinement
in
charge
be
saved
5.54%-15%.
dynamically
address
load
variation
employing
composition
adjustment.
accumulating
demands
lower
separation,
moisture
barely
exerts
effect.
Moreover,
effect
subcooling
degree
analyzed
suggested
1°C.
promising
prospect
dynamic
treatment
thermal
room
its
function
transfer.
Climate Change Economics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(02)
Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2024
Given
ever-increasing
temperatures,
household
air
conditioner
(AC)
usage
is
increasing
rapidly,
posing
significant
sustainability
challenges.
Identifying
the
drivers
of
residential
demand
critical,
especially
in
developing
countries
such
as
China.
In
contrast
to
assumptions
made
by
existing
literature,
intergenerational
parenting
and
multigenerational
households
are
widespread
To
address
this
oversight,
study
first
use
data
from
an
appliance-level,
15-min
AC
operation
database
southern
China
quantify
impact
families
on
cooling-related
electricity
consumption
examine
its
mechanisms.
First,
significantly
positively
impacts
consumption.
Compared
working-age
households,
Intergenerational
consume
49%
more
for
cooling,
with
children
28%
more.
contrast,
older
adults
but
no
6%
less
cooling
than
families.
Second,
0.5
additional
hours
per
day,
set
temperature
0.9°C
lower,
keep
idle
longer
households.
Third,
parenting’s
shows
M-shaped
pattern
throughout
day
(peaking
at
9:00
17:00).
Fourth,
moderate
demand.
Frontiers in Public Health,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2024
Introduction
Air
flow
driven
by
air-conditioner
has
a
significant
impact
on
the
indoor
environment,
however,
bacterial
contamination
conditions
in
different
parts
of
air-conditioners
have
not
been
fully
elucidated.
Methods
In
this
study,
we
assessed
pollution
four
parts,
including
air
outlet,
filter
net,
cooling
fin
and
water
sink,
ten
household
quantitatively
qualitatively
from
Chengdu,
southwestern
China.
Results
The
microbial
cultivation
results
showed
large
total
counts
5042.0,
9127.6,
6595.1,
12296.2
CFU/cm
2
fin,
sink.
Furthermore,
sequencing
data
that
these
displayed
characteristics.
At
level
genus,
Caproiciproducens
Acidipropionibacterium
were
predominant
outlet.
Bacillus,
Acinetobacter,
Paracoccus
,
Corynebacterium
detected
as
characteristic
bacteria
net.
For
Rhodococcus,
Achromobacter
Nocardioides
dominant
bacteria.
genera
Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum,
Brevibacterium,
Stenotrophomonas
Psychrobacter
identified
bioindicators
bioinformatic
analysis
illustrated
associated
with
metabolic
disturbance.
Discussion
This
study
reveals
distinct
compositions
air-conditioner,
provides
new
clues
for
non-negligible
common
appliance
Chinese
households.
Frontiers in Environmental Science,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2023
Climate
transition
risks
pose
growing
financial
stability
concerns,
but
research
on
quantifying
climate
policy
impacts
remains
underexplored.
This
paper
helps
address
this
gap
by
evaluating
how
carbon
tax
(CT)
and
green
supporting
factor
(GSF)
influence
China’s
stability.
An
innovative
dynamic
stochastic
general
equilibrium
(DSGE)
model
incorporating
the
banking
sector
is
developed
to
quantify
transmission
channels,
improving
conceptual
studies.
It
reveals
that
more
intense
policies
heighten
stability,
with
CT
it
GSF
hampering
in
long
run.
However,
both
negatively
affect
initially,
albeit
insignificantly.
These
diagnostics
underscore
calibrating
intensities
sequencing
balance
economic
objectives.
Furthermore,
study
asymmetric
effects
polluting
non-polluting
enterprises,
former
seeing
reduced
output
lending
latter
gaining.
The
differentiated
approach
proposed,
tailored
firm
emissions
levels,
provides
key
insights
for
unlocking
smooth
transitions
while
maintaining
system
resilience.
makes
important
contributions
bringing
together
policies,
adaptation,
findings
offer
into
achieving
a
Specific
implications
include
starting
low
heaviest
emitters,
gradually
lowering
risk
weights
lending,
using
public
incentives
investment
aid
firms’
transition.
offers
valuable
quantitative
developing
country-specific
policies.
Climate Change Economics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(02)
Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2023
As
an
important
measure
for
households’
adaptation
to
climate
change,
air
conditioning
is
becoming
more
and
prevailing
in
developing
countries,
which
implies
a
larger
demand
electricity
highlights
the
role
of
energy-efficient
conditioners
(ACs)
energy
saving.
Using
household-level
data
from
China,
this
paper
investigates
determinants
adoption
ACs,
with
focus
on
split-incentive
(principal-agent)
problem
between
homeowners
renters
ACs.
The
results
show
that
principal-agent
(PA)
does
exist
ACs
Chinese
households,
renter-occupied
dwellings
being
about
10.2%
likely
have
low
installed
dwellings,
compared
homeowner-occupied
dwellings.
Moreover,
increased
consumption
carbon
emissions
due
PA
AC
investment
are
calculated
based
estimated
agency
effect.
Science and Technology for the Built Environment,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
30(2), С. 153 - 171
Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2023
Developing
countries,
particularly
those
with
high
ambient
temperatures
(HAT),
are
experiencing
a
surge
in
air
conditioner
(AC)
installations.
Fixed-speed
ACs,
which
rely
on
on–off
control,
the
most
used.
However,
fixed-speed
ACs
lack
humidity
control
and
experience
compressor
cycling,
leading
to
poor
thermal
comfort
increased
energy
consumption.
Variable-speed
technology
eliminates
increases
effective
coefficient
of
performance,
especially
at
part-load
conditions.
This
study
compares
transient
performance
variable-speed
AC
units
Cairo,
Egypt,
as
an
example
HAT
environment.
During
2-month
experimental
investigation,
unit
provided
41%
electrical
savings
while
maintaining
comfortable
Analytical
modeling
using
machine
learning
model
trained
by
measurements
predicted
annual
473
kWh/year
overall
percentage
30.5%.
The
also
explored
different
scenarios
for
implementing
developing
country.
With
60%
market
penetration
probable
scenario,
up
year
2032
add
1.33
TWh,
79.3
million
USD
cost
2.64
MMT
CO2
emissions
reduction.
Climate
variability
and
staff
mobility
have
exacerbated
the
vulnerability
of
indoor
environment,
which
calls
for
air-conditioning
units
can
accommodate
active
regulation
demand
changing
heat
humidity
loads.
The
identification
refrigerant
constitutes
an
essential
sector
system
design.
A
composition-adjustable
dual
cooling
source
(CADCS)
chiller
has
been
proposed
utilizing
characteristics
inefficient
condensation
non-azeotropic
mixture.
Separated
flows
working
fluid
with
flexible
mass
fraction
flow
rate
respectively
treat
waste
moisture.
Multi-criteria
screening
mechanism
is
established
from
aspect
application
field,
environmental
impact,
cycle
architecture
adaptability,
liquid
separation
potential,
pre-selects
R32/isobutane,
R32/R1234ze(E),
R32/R1234yf,
propane/isobutane
propane/R1234ze(E)
as
candidates.
Thermodynamic
performance
optimization
conducted
on
CADCS
basic
(BDCS)
under
design
off-design
conditions.
Propane/isobutane
outperforms
all
candidates
at
a
0.5:0.5
characterized
by
obvious
temperature
glide
close
to
change
transfer
medium.
maximum
coefficient
(COP)
reaches
5.2
BDCS
4.42
during
vapor
quality
0.436
cycle.
exergy
loss
evaporator
reduced
17.1%-73.7%
while
efficiency
improved
3%-59.7%
due
match
refinement
in
charge
be
saved
5.54%-15%.
dynamically
address
load
variation
employing
composition
adjustment.
accumulating
demands
lower
separation,
moisture
barely
exerts
effect.
Moreover,
effect
subcooling
degree
analyzed
suggested
1°C.
promising
prospect
dynamic
treatment
thermal
room
its
function
transfer.
