Abstract.
Black
carbon
(BC)
in
the
Tibetan
Plateau
(TP)
region
has
distinct
climate
effect,
which
strongly
depends
on
its
mixing
state.
The
aging
processes
of
BC
TP
are
subject
to
emissions
from
various
regions,
resulting
considerable
variability
state
and
physicochemical
properties.
However,
mechanism
magnitude
this
effect
not
yet
clear.
In
study,
filed
observations
properties
BC-containing
particles
(PMBC)
were
conducted
northeast
(Xihai)
southeast
(Lulang)
regions
investigate
impacts
transported
lower-altitude
areas
characteristics
TP.
Large
spatial
discrepancies
found
chemical
composition
PMBC.
Both
sites
showed
higher
concentrations
PMBC
when
they
affected
by
airmasses
outside
TP,
but
with
diverse
composition.
Source
apportionment
for
organic
aerosol
(OA)
suggested
that
primary
OA
northeastern
was
attributed
hydrocarbon
(HOA)
anthropogenic
emissions,
while
it
dominated
biomass
burning
(BBOA)
southeastern
Regarding
secondary
aerosol,
a
marked
enhancement
nitrate
fraction
observed
aged
coating
Xihai
brought
updrafts
easterly
winds
areas.
With
development
boundary
layer,
enhanced
turbulent
promoted
elevation
pollutants.
contrast
Xihai,
thickly
coated
Lulang
mainly
caused
self-elevated
plume
South
Asia,
showing
large
contribution
(SOA).
lead
substantial
variations
both
light
absorption
ability
across
thicker
mass
cross-section
(MAC)
elevated
reveals
their
These
findings
emphasize
vulnerability
plateau
influences
leading
significant
changes
concentration,
states
needs
be
considered
evaluation
radiative
effects
region.
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
7(1)
Опубликована: Март 8, 2024
Abstract
Atmospheric
soot
and
organic
particles
from
fossil
fuel
combustion
biomass
burning
modify
Earth’s
climate
through
their
interactions
with
solar
radiation
modifications
of
cloud
properties
by
acting
as
condensation
nuclei
ice
nucleating
particles.
Recent
advancements
in
understanding
individual
microscopic
composition
have
led
to
heightened
interest
microphysical
properties.
This
review
article
provides
an
overview
current
advanced
measurements
offers
insights
into
future
avenues
for
studying
these
To
quantify
morphology
ageing,
fractal
dimension
(
D
f
)
is
a
commonly
employed
quantitative
metric
which
allows
characterize
morphologies
aggregates
relation
ageing
factors
like
internal
mixing
state,
core-shell
structures,
phase,
heterogeneity.
Models
been
developed
incorporate
diversity
metrics
aged
particles,
enabling
assessment
optical
absorption
radiative
forcing
effects.
The
are
complex
they
influenced
particle
sources,
process,
meteorological
conditions.
Furthermore,
soluble
exhibit
diverse
forms
can
engage
liquid–liquid
phase
separation
sulfate
nitrate
components.
Primary
carbonaceous
such
tar
balls
warrant
further
attention
due
strong
light
absorbing
properties,
presence
toxic
constituents,
small
size,
impact
human
health.
Future
research
needs
include
both
atmospheric
modeling
approaches,
focusing
on
changes
the
structures
ensembles,
effects
dynamics
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
7(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2024
Abstract
In
recent
years,
researchers
have
emphasized
the
use
of
fractal
aggregate
morphology
instead
core-shell
in
global
climate
models
for
estimating
black
carbon
(BC)
forcing.
This
study
confirms
that
plays
an
important
role
reducing
overestimation
aerosol
light
absorption
calculations
case
urban
polluted
environment.
During
periods
high
anthropogenic
BC
emissions
at
Delhi,
particle
is
overestimated
by
50
to
200%
assumptions
both
external
mixing
and
internal
mixing.
While
incorporating
model
into
simulations
beneficial
such
cases,
it
comes
with
a
computational
burden.
To
address
this,
we
propose
metric
known
as
index
(MI).
distributes
weightage
between
two
extreme
cases
obtain
accurate
absorption.
Long-range
transported
aerosols
were
estimated
MI
0.78,
fresh
local
had
0.48.
A
BC-based
classification
approach
was
developed
determine
most
relevant
size
mode
The
method
based
on
patterns
found
correlations
mass
concentrations
number
different
particles
sizes
(BC-size
correlation
spectra).
BC-size
spectra
are
introduced
concept
may
be
used
(i)
independently
understand
size-dependent
heterogeneous
distribution
(ii)
conjunction
accurately
optical
properties
regimes.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
24(5), С. 3043 - 3063
Опубликована: Март 11, 2024
Abstract.
Carbonaceous
aerosols
constitute
a
crucial
component
of
atmospheric
marine
among
which
black
carbon
(BC)
and
brown
(BrC)
are
important
contributors
to
light
absorption
hence
the
positive
climatic
radiative
forcing
in
atmosphere.
We
conducted
month-long
(5
May–9
June
2021)
onboard
sample
collections
online
measurements
carbonaceous
characterize
their
morphological
optical
properties
during
ship
cruise
South
China
Sea
(SCS),
covering
region
11.9–24.5°
N,
111.1–118.2°
E.
Single
particles
were
collected
by
single-particle
sampler,
offline
analyses
performed
using
transmission
electron
microscope
(TEM)
coupled
with
energy-dispersive
X-ray
spectroscopy
(EDS).
Online
BC
PM2.5
made
seven-wavelength
aethalometer,
organic
(OC)
elemental
(EC)
mass
concentrations
measured
semi-online
OC/EC
analyzer.
Feret
diameters
single
navigation
stop
showed
size
distributions
lognormal
fitting
peaks
at
307
325
nm,
respectively.
The
fresh
(without
coating)
aged
(after
removal
coating
beams
TEM)
same
median
fractal
dimensions
(1.61),
contrast
different
lacunarities
(0.53
vs.
0.59).
narrower
(229–2557
nm)
than
those
(78–2926
freshly
emitted
from
ship's
own
exhaust
stop.
Moreover,
tar
balls,
as
one
emissions
tracer
biomass
burning,
identified
geometrical
160–420
nm
TEM
images.
EDS
balls
mainly
mixed
sea
salt,
organics,
BC,
sulfate.
also
found
significant
fraction
various
mixing
states
(core–shell,
embedded)
other
components
aerosol
after
long-range
transport.
campaign
was
further
divided
into
several
periods
(the
before-monsoon
period,
BMP;
transition
monsoon
TMP;
after-monsoon
AMP;
pollution
SPP)
according
wind
direction
pollution.
Ångström
exponent
(AAE)
values
derived
all
wavelengths
1.14,
1.02,
1.08,
1.06
for
BMP,
TMP,
AMP,
SPP,
Particularly,
AAE
value
1.93
obtained
two
burning
events.
These
results
that
(BB)
fossil
fuel
(FF)
combustion
contributed
18
%–22
%
78
%–82
without
intense
events,
BB
FF
accounted
42
58
%,
events
originated
Philippines
Southeast
Asia
before
summer
monsoon.
Our
demonstrated
can
serve
core
particles,
but
aggregates
subject
little
variation;
moreover,
such
become
much
more
aggregated
aging
atmosphere,
affects
SCS.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025
To
further
reduce
atmospheric
particulate
matter
concentrations,
there
is
a
need
for
more
precise
identification
of
their
sources.
The
SEM-EDS
technology
(scanning
electron
microscopy
and
energy-dispersive
X-ray
spectroscopy)
can
provide
high-resolution
imaging
detailed
compositional
analysis
particles
with
relatively
stable
physical
chemical
properties.
This
study
introduces
an
advanced
source
apportionment
pipeline
(RX
model)
that
uniquely
combines
computer-controlled
scanning
computer
vision
machine
learning
to
trace
particle
sources
by
integrating
single-particle
morphology,
size,
information.
In
the
evaluation
using
virtual
data
set
known
contributions,
RX
model
demonstrated
high
accuracy,
average
errors
0.60%
number
1.97%
mass
contribution.
Compared
balance
model,
model's
accuracy
stability
improved
75.6
73.4%,
respectively,
proved
effective
in
tracing
Fe-containing
atmosphere
steel
city
China.
indicates
morphology
serve
as
feature
determining
its
source.
findings
highlight
potential
coupled
techniques
enhance
our
understanding
pollution
sources,
offering
valuable
insights
PM
health
risk
assessment
evidence-based
policy-making.
Atmosphere,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(2), С. 187 - 187
Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025
Emissions
from
domestic
coal
burning
are
generally
recognized
as
the
cause
of
lung
cancer
epidemic
in
Xuanwei
City,
Yunnan
Province,
China.
To
examine
physicochemical
characteristics
airborne
particles
emitted
this
locally
sourced
coal,
PM2.5
samples
were
collected
Hutou
village
which
has
high
levels
cancer,
and
Xize
located
approximately
30
km
without
cases.
Transmission
Electron
Microscopy-Energy
Dispersive
X-ray
(TEM-EDX)
analysis
was
employed
to
study
physiochemical
features
chemistry
individual
particles.
Sulfur
silica
most
abundant
elements
found
both
two
villages.
Fewer
aerosol
compared
with
village.
Based
on
morphologies
chemical
compositions,
can
be
classified
into
five
types
including
composite
(38.6%);
organic,
soot,
tar
balls,
biologicals
(28.3%);
sulfate
(14.1%);
fly
ash
(9.8%);
minerals
(9.2%).
The
size
range
0.4–0.8
μm
while
that
is
0.7–0.8
μm.
Composite
common
all
ranges.
percentage
shows
peaks
small
(0.1–0.2
μm)
large
ranges
(2–2.3
an
even
distribution
Core-shell
typical
particles,
solid
‘core’
consisting
materials
such
or
mineral
grains,
shell
surface
layer
being
adhering
soluble
compound
sulfates
organics.
heterogeneous
reactions
acidic
liquid
layers
produce
core-shell
structures.
Typically,
equivalent
diameter
0.5–2.5
μm,
averaging
1.6
ratio
usually
between
0.4
0.8,
average
0.6.
Regardless
sizes
relatively
ratios
imply
a
less
aging
state,
suggests
recently
formed.
Once
coal-burning
inhaled
human
deep
lung,
they
damage
cells
harm
health.
Atmospheric chemistry and physics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
24(19), С. 11063 - 11080
Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2024
Abstract.
Black
carbon
(BC)
in
the
Tibetan
Plateau
(TP)
region
has
distinct
climate
effects
that
strongly
depend
on
its
mixing
state.
The
aging
processes
of
BC
TP
are
subject
to
emissions
from
various
regions,
resulting
considerable
variability
state
and
physicochemical
properties.
However,
mechanism
magnitude
this
effect
not
yet
clear.
In
study,
field
observations
properties
BC-containing
particles
(PMBC)
were
conducted
northeast
(Xihai)
southeast
(Lulang)
regions
investigate
impacts
transported
lower-altitude
areas
characteristics
TP.
Large
spatial
discrepancies
found
chemical
composition
PMBC.
Both
sites
showed
higher
concentrations
PMBC
when
they
affected
by
air
masses
outside
but
with
diverse
composition.
Source
apportionment
for
organic
aerosol
(OA)
suggested
primary
OA
northeastern
was
attributed
hydrocarbon
(HOA)
anthropogenic
emissions,
while
it
dominated
biomass
burning
(BBOA)
southeastern
Regarding
secondary
aerosol,
a
marked
enhancement
nitrate
fraction
observed
aged
coating
Xihai
brought
updrafts
easterly
winds
areas.
With
development
boundary
layer,
enhanced
turbulent
promoted
elevation
pollutants.
contrast
Xihai,
thickly
coated
Lulang
mainly
caused
transportation
plumes
south
Asia,
showing
large
contribution
(SOA).
lead
substantial
variations
both
light
absorption
ability
across
thicker
mass
cross-section
(MAC)
elevated
reveal
their
These
findings
emphasize
vulnerability
plateau
influences
leading
significant
changes
concentration,
states
TP,
all
which
need
be
considered
evaluation
radiative
region.
Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
129(23)
Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2024
This
study
investigates
the
new
particle
formation
(NPF)
events
at
an
urban
location
in
Eastern
Mediterranean.
Particle
size
distribution,
particulate
chemical
composition,
and
gaseous
pollutants
were
monitored
Rehovot,
Israel
(31°53″N
34°48″E)
during
two
campaigns:
from
April
29
to
3
May
2021
(Campaign
1)
11
2023
2),
coinciding
with
intensive
bonfire
burning
festival.
The
organic
aerosols
(OA)
source
apportionment
identified
major
factors-Hydrocarbon-like
OA
Biomass-burning
OA-as
well
as
secondary
factors-MO-OOA
(more
oxidized-oxygenated
OA)
LO-OOA
(low
oxidized
oxygenated
OA).
NPF
frequently
observed
day
(mostly
well-defined
nucleation
events)
night
(burst
of
ultrafine
mode
particles
without
any
discernible
growth).
A
condensation
sink
value
(9.4
±
4.0)
×
10
Atmosphere,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(3), С. 320 - 320
Опубликована: Март 4, 2024
We
performed
continuous
long-term
measurements
of
PM2.5
mass,
comprehensive
chemical
composition,
and
optical
properties,
including
scattering
absorption
coefficients,
from
March
2011
to
December
2020
at
the
Metropolitan
Air
Quality
Research
Center
in
Seoul,
South
Korea.
peaked
38
μg/m3
2013
has
been
declining
steadily
since
then,
reaching
22
2020.
The
extinction
coefficients
also
decreased
with
decline
PM2.5,
but
correlation
between
two
factors
was
not
as
pronounced.
This
deviation
mainly
attributed
rapid
changes
composition
over
same
period.
mass
contribution
sulphate
33.9
24.1%,
fraction
nitrate
organic
carbon
increased
23.4
20.0
34.1
32.2%,
respectively,
indicating
that
replaced
by
past
decade.
To
assess
effect
changing
aerosol
compositions
on
light
extinction,
we
compared
measured
those
estimated
via
various
existing
approaches,
revised
IMPROVE
algorithm.
found
simplified
linear
regression
model
provided
best
fit
our
data,
a
slope
1.03
R2
0.87,
all
non-linear
methods,
such
algorithms,
overestimated
observed
23
48%.
suggests
simple
scheme
may
be
more
appropriate
for
reflecting
varying
conditions
long
periods
time,
especially
urban
air.
However,
where
does
change
much,
methods
are
likely
reproducing
extinction.
Abstract.
Black
carbon
(BC)
in
the
Tibetan
Plateau
(TP)
region
has
distinct
climate
effect,
which
strongly
depends
on
its
mixing
state.
The
aging
processes
of
BC
TP
are
subject
to
emissions
from
various
regions,
resulting
considerable
variability
state
and
physicochemical
properties.
However,
mechanism
magnitude
this
effect
not
yet
clear.
In
study,
filed
observations
properties
BC-containing
particles
(PMBC)
were
conducted
northeast
(Xihai)
southeast
(Lulang)
regions
investigate
impacts
transported
lower-altitude
areas
characteristics
TP.
Large
spatial
discrepancies
found
chemical
composition
PMBC.
Both
sites
showed
higher
concentrations
PMBC
when
they
affected
by
airmasses
outside
TP,
but
with
diverse
composition.
Source
apportionment
for
organic
aerosol
(OA)
suggested
that
primary
OA
northeastern
was
attributed
hydrocarbon
(HOA)
anthropogenic
emissions,
while
it
dominated
biomass
burning
(BBOA)
southeastern
Regarding
secondary
aerosol,
a
marked
enhancement
nitrate
fraction
observed
aged
coating
Xihai
brought
updrafts
easterly
winds
areas.
With
development
boundary
layer,
enhanced
turbulent
promoted
elevation
pollutants.
contrast
Xihai,
thickly
coated
Lulang
mainly
caused
self-elevated
plume
South
Asia,
showing
large
contribution
(SOA).
lead
substantial
variations
both
light
absorption
ability
across
thicker
mass
cross-section
(MAC)
elevated
reveals
their
These
findings
emphasize
vulnerability
plateau
influences
leading
significant
changes
concentration,
states
needs
be
considered
evaluation
radiative
effects
region.
