Immunoregulatory role of exosomal circRNAs in the tumor microenvironment

Frontiers in Oncology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025

As cancer incidence and mortality rates rise, there is an urgent need to develop effective immunotherapy strategies. Circular RNA (circRNA), a newly identified type of non-coding RNA, abundant within cells can be released via exosomes, facilitating communication between cells. Studies have demonstrated that exosomal circRNAs alter the tumor microenvironment modulate immune responses by influencing functions T cells, natural killer (NK) macrophages, thereby enabling tumors evade system. Moreover, show potential as diagnostic biomarkers therapeutic targets for cancer. This review summarizes regulatory roles in their applications progression treatment, highlighting promise improving immunotherapy. Future research should concentrate on understanding mechanisms key developing targeted methods.

Язык: Английский

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Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells; mechanisms, functional significance, and targeting in cancer therapy

Cellular Oncology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2025

Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs), which encompass tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils (TANs), myeloid-derived suppressor (MDSCs), and dendritic (TADCs), are of great importance in tumor microenvironment (TME) integral to both pro- anti-tumor immunity. Nevertheless, the phenotypic heterogeneity functional plasticity TIMs have posed challenges fully understanding their complexity roles within TME. Emerging evidence suggested that presence is frequently linked prevention cancer treatment improvement patient outcomes survival. Given pivotal function TME, recently been recognized as critical targets for therapeutic approaches aimed at augmenting immunostimulatory cell populations while depleting or modifying those immunosuppressive. This review will explore important properties related immunity, angiogenesis, metastasis. We also document latest strategies targeting preclinical clinical settings. Our objective illustrate potential immunological may improve existing treatments.

Язык: Английский

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Circular RNAs modulate cancer drug resistance: advances and challenges

Cancer Drug Resistance, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 28, 2025

Acquired drug resistance is a main factor contributing to cancer therapy failure and high mortality, highlighting the necessity develop novel intervention targets. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), an abundant class of RNA molecules with closed loop structure, possess characteristics including stability, which provide unique advantages in clinical application. Growing evidence indicates that aberrantly expressed circRNAs are associated against various treatments, targeted therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy. Therefore, targeting these aberrant may offer strategy improve efficiency therapy. Herein, we present summary most recently studied their regulatory roles on resistance. With advances artificial intelligence (AI)-based bioinformatics algorithms, could emerge as promising biomarkers targets

Язык: Английский

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Lactobacillus plantarum-Derived Inorganic Polyphosphate Regulates Immune Function via Inhibiting M1 Polarization and Resisting Oxidative Stress in Macrophages

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(4), С. 428 - 428

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Inorganic polyphosphate (PolyP) is a high-molecular-weight polymer that plays multiple roles in regulating immune responses. However, the specific anti-inflammatory mechanisms of bacteria-derived PolyP are unclear. In present study, was extracted from Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), and chain length estimated to be approximately 250 Pi residues. The regulatory functions were investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell oxidative stress model, dexamethasone used as positive control. result revealed both protective against by inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization production several markers, such nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducible synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. addition, suppressed inflammation progression cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon (INF)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, inhibited expressions inhibitory κB kinase (IKK) α, IKKβ, extracellular regulated protein kinases 2 (ERK2). Conclusively, derived L. has ability protect cells damage macrophages. These findings provide insights into function offer support for potential application immune-related diseases.

Язык: Английский

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The role of innate immune cells in modulating vascular dynamics in skin malignancies

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 189331 - 189331

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Regulating Human T Lymphocytes Through Magnetogenetic Tools

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2024

Abstract The field of synthetic biology has expanded the possibilities for controlling cellular functions, particularly in development mammalian cells therapeutic applications. This study explored application magnetogenetic tools to regulate T cell activity, a crucial aspect developing advanced immunotherapies. Magnetogenetic use magnetic fields remotely control engineered ion channels and protein domains, providing non-invasive, deep-tissue stimulation that overcomes limitations traditional methods. We investigated effects three - TRPV1 (TRP1-Fer) TRPV4 (TRP4-Fer) channels, Electromagnetic Perceptive Gene (EPG) Jurkat cells. First, calcium concentration measurements confirmed activity these within Using qPCR proteomics analysis, we then analyzed their impact on activation, signaling, mitochondrial function, membrane integrity, gene expression under both stimulated (with antigens) non-stimulated conditions. Our results revealed significant upregulation activation calcium-handling proteins cells, indicating enhanced cytoskeletal dynamics compared controls. However, unexpectedly led deactivation investigation showed while induction alone deactivated antigen conjunction with amplified activation. highlights potential magnetogenetics precisely modulate presenting promising avenues more effective controlled findings also underscore need careful optimization mitigate adverse integrity function.

Язык: Английский

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Immunotherapy: The Next Frontier in Cancer Treatment

Developmental medico-life-sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 1(8), С. 1 - 3

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2024

INTRODUCTIONOver the past decade, immunotherapy has redefined landscape for cancer treatment, providing unprecedented survival benefits across a broad swath of tumors. The ability to harness and modulate immune system transformed outcomes patients, from checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) advanced cellular therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells CAR macrophages (CAR-MΦ). However, these advancements have come with new challenges, variability in efficacy, toxicities, lack efficacy against immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), especially solid tumors[1]. In this editorial, we explore major advances immunotherapy, potential combination therapies CAR-MΦ, need approaches overcome evolving challenges. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: cancers melanoma, NSCLC, RCC, ICIs become cornerstone immunotherapy. block inhibitory receptors PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, thereby enable suppression unleash effective anti-tumor response. many provided durable responses some patients survived more than five years. We landmark trials that show significant improvements overall (OS) progression-free (PFS) vs. chemotherapy metastatic refractory cancers[2]. Nevertheless, despite all advances, not respond ICIs. Resistance is due heterogeneity, evasion mechanisms, TME. addition, immune-mediated adverse events (images), including gastrointestinal, dermatologic, endocrine continue be barriers. Biomarker discovery PD-L1 expression mutational burden will increasingly important field evolves identifying most likely benefit personalized therapy minimal risk cost[3]. Cellular Therapies: CAR-T Cells Emerging Role CAR-MacrophagesHowever, are transformative; now frontier Remarkable success cells, which involve engineering express tumor-specific receptors, been shown hematologic malignancies, particularly leukemia lymphoma. Despite barriers, however, tumors still limited[4]. New CAR-MΦ emerging novel solution meet Chimeric engineered into capable targeting while modifying hostile After binds through phagocytosis, they actively engulf secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines reprogram TME immunostimulatory. addition stimulating other like natural killer (NK) also amplify responses[5]. Promising safety demonstrated by early clinical trials, those HER2-expressing can persist within tumor, physical synergize immunotherapies. Safety issues, remain, notably possibility cytokine release syndrome (CRS) macrophage activation (MAS)[6]. Macrophages' intrinsic role inflammation regulation, may provide controlled response cells. These risks being mitigated tailored strategies, IL-10 expression, ensure safe application[7]. Combination future strategies its limitations improve efficacy. preclinical models, synergistic activity anti-PD-L1 anti-CTLA-4. blockade reinvigorates exhausted remodels TME, making it hospitable sustained attack[8]. Efforts biochemical barriers equally required. Since secrete or enzymes digest extracellular matrix enhances cell infiltration persistence tumors, hypothesized could diphtheria toxin, elicits an site. Moreover, immunotherapies alone, when combined conventional radiotherapy, increase presentation, infiltration, response[9]. CONCLUSION Immunotherapy fundamentally changed how treated given who were once untreatable hope. remain promising innovation unique advantages because phagocytosing presenting antigens, reprogramming TME.A rational approach ICIs, treatments would future. Additionally, concerns addressed rigorous long-term follow-up optimize treatment strategies. As stand on brink frontier, challenge scientific community clear: needs refined expand reach, becomes mainstay care, offer cures where none existed before.

Язык: Английский

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Innovative Approaches to Eczema Treatment: A Review of Fevipiprant and Its Potential as a New Therapeutic Agent

Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 106946 - 106946

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Clonal evolution and molecular mechanisms of ovarian cancer: a comprehensive review

Academia oncology., Год журнала: 2024, Номер 1(2)

Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2024

Язык: Английский

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