Natural saponins and macrophage polarization: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives in disease management DOI Creative Commons
Beibei Xiong, Huan Wang, Yixuan Song

и другие.

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Май 9, 2025

Macrophage polarization plays a pivotal role in immune homeostasis and disease progression across inflammatory, neoplastic, metabolic disorders. Saponins, which are natural compounds with steroidal/triterpenoid structures, demonstrate therapeutic potential through immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor activities. This study aims to highlight the of key saponins—such as ginsenosides, astragaloside IV, dioscin, platycodin D, pulsatilla saponins, panax notoginseng saponins—in modulating macrophage enhancing conventional therapies, particularly oncology. We conducted structured searches PubMed, Google Scholar, SciFinder (2013–2024) using controlled vocabulary, including “saponins,” “macrophage polarization,” “therapeutic effects.” Our findings that saponins significantly modulate responses improve treatment efficacy. However, clinical translation is hindered by challenges such poor bioavailability safety concerns, limit systemic exposure utility. To overcome these barriers, innovative delivery strategies, nanoemulsions engineered exosomes, essential for pharmacokinetics index. Future research should prioritize elucidating molecular mechanisms underlying saponin-mediated polarization, identifying novel targets, optimizing drug formulations. Addressing will enable restoration balance more effective management diverse diseases.

Язык: Английский

Natural saponins and macrophage polarization: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives in disease management DOI Creative Commons
Beibei Xiong, Huan Wang, Yixuan Song

и другие.

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Май 9, 2025

Macrophage polarization plays a pivotal role in immune homeostasis and disease progression across inflammatory, neoplastic, metabolic disorders. Saponins, which are natural compounds with steroidal/triterpenoid structures, demonstrate therapeutic potential through immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor activities. This study aims to highlight the of key saponins—such as ginsenosides, astragaloside IV, dioscin, platycodin D, pulsatilla saponins, panax notoginseng saponins—in modulating macrophage enhancing conventional therapies, particularly oncology. We conducted structured searches PubMed, Google Scholar, SciFinder (2013–2024) using controlled vocabulary, including “saponins,” “macrophage polarization,” “therapeutic effects.” Our findings that saponins significantly modulate responses improve treatment efficacy. However, clinical translation is hindered by challenges such poor bioavailability safety concerns, limit systemic exposure utility. To overcome these barriers, innovative delivery strategies, nanoemulsions engineered exosomes, essential for pharmacokinetics index. Future research should prioritize elucidating molecular mechanisms underlying saponin-mediated polarization, identifying novel targets, optimizing drug formulations. Addressing will enable restoration balance more effective management diverse diseases.

Язык: Английский

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