Evolution Medicine and Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(1), С. 169 - 171
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Biomarker Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(1)
Опубликована: Май 12, 2022
Abstract Exosomes, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm as identified initially via electron microscopy 1946, are one of the extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by many cells and have been subject studies; initially, they were considered cell wastes with belief that exosomes maintain homeostasis. Nowadays, it has found EVs secreted different play a vital role cellular communication usually both physiological pathological conditions. Due presence markers ligands on surface exosomes, paracrine, endocrine autocrine effects some cases. Immune cells, like other can secrete interact surrounding these vesicles. system cells-derived (IEXs) induce responses, such increasing decreasing transcription various genes regulating cytokine production. This review deliberate function innate acquired immune derived their pathogenesis diseases, therapeutic appliances.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
95
Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 626(7997), С. 160 - 168
Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024
Abstract Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare heterogenous disorder of the peripheral nervous system, which usually triggered by preceding infection, and causes potentially life-threatening progressive muscle weakness 1 . Although GBS considered an autoimmune disease, mechanisms that underlie its distinct clinical subtypes remain largely unknown. Here, combining in vitro T cell screening, single-cell RNA sequencing receptor (TCR) sequencing, we identify autoreactive memory CD4 + cells, show cytotoxic helper (T H 1)-like phenotype, CD8 cells target myelin antigens nerves patients with demyelinating disease variant. We characterized more than 1,000 single clones, revealed polyclonal TCR repertoire, short CDR3β lengths, preferential HLA-DR restrictions recognition immunodominant epitopes. found TCRβ clonotypes were expanded blood same patient at stages and, notably, they shared cerebrospinal fluid across different GBS, but not control individuals. Finally, identified myelin-reactive nerve biopsy from one patient, indicates these contribute directly to pathophysiology. Collectively, our data provide clear evidence immunity subset open new perspectives field inflammatory neuropathies, potential impact for biomedical applications.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
18
Immunity Inflammation and Disease, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024
Molecular mimicry is hypothesized to be a mechanism by which autoimmune diseases are triggered. It refers sequence or structural homology between foreign antigens and self-antigens, can activate cross-reactive lymphocytes that attack host tissues. Elucidating the role of molecular in human autoimmunity could have important clinical implications.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
16
Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14
Опубликована: Март 23, 2023
C1q is a crucial component of the complement system, which activated through classical pathway to perform non-specific immune functions, serving as first line defense against pathogens. can also bind specific receptors carry out and other playing vital role in maintaining homeostasis normal physiological functions. In developing central nervous system (CNS), functions synapse formation pruning, key player development neuronal networks CNS. has close relationship with microglia astrocytes, under their influence, may contribute CNS disorders. Furthermore, have independent effects on neurological disorders, producing either beneficial or detrimental outcomes. Most evidence for these comes from animal models, some human specimen studies. now emerging promising target treatment variety diseases, clinical trials are already underway This article highlights offering new directions diagnosis conditions.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
22
Pediatric Neurology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 165, С. 31 - 39
Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Journal of Neurochemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 163(3), С. 179 - 219
Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2022
Neurofilament proteins (Nf) have been validated and established as a reliable body fluid biomarker for neurodegenerative pathology. This review covers seven Nf isoforms, light (NfL), two splicing variants of medium (NfM), heavy (NfH),
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
30
Autoimmunity Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(12), С. 103465 - 103465
Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2023
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare relapsing neuroinflammatory autoimmune astrocytopathy, with predilection for the optic nerves and spinal cord. Most cases are characterised by aquaporin-4-antibody positivity have disease course, which associated accrual of disability. Although prognosis in NMOSD has improved markedly over past few years owing to advances diagnosis therapeutics, it remains severe disease. In this article, we review evolution our understanding NMOSD, its pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment options symptoms. We also address gaps knowledge areas future research focus.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
20
Life Science Alliance, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(4), С. e202402588 - e202402588
Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2024
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is caused by deposition of in the glomerular mesangium. The mechanism selective and production unclear; however, we recently identified involvement autoantibodies. Here, show that CBX3 another self-antigen for gddY mice, a spontaneous IgAN model, patients. A recombinant antibody derived from mice bound to expressed on mesangial cell surface vitro glomeruli vivo. An elemental diet antibiotic treatment decreased levels autoantibodies symptoms mice. Serum also oral bacteria binding was competed with CBX3. One species markedly diet-fed induced anti-CBX3 normal upon immunization. These data suggest particular generate immune responses produce cross-reacts cells initiate IgAN.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Frontiers in Neurology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15
Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024
Background Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease associated with significant morbidity. A wide variety of infectious and non-infectious triggers have been identified to be GBS. COVID-19 has gained attention in recent years for its role GBS pathogenesis. Our study aims review the literature on epidemiological pathophysiological association COVID-19. Description Recent infections, such as case reports, series, systematic reviews, large-scale studies, were reviewed. We also reviewed studies that included vaccines against Studies focused understanding pathobiology agents including Conclusion Despite a lack consensus, strongly infection. The exact mechanism regarding causative agent unknown. Mechanisms, proinflammatory state, triggering autoimmunity, direct viral invasion, are postulated remain investigated. Adenovirus vector most likely GBS, consensual reports clearly suggest mRNA low risk may protective by reducing
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
eNeurologicalSci, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 31, С. 100468 - 100468
Опубликована: Май 25, 2023
Guillain- Barré syndrome (GBS) is a neuropathic condition that leads to the rapid development of impairments and characterized by weakness numbness or tingling sensation in legs arms sometimes loss movement feeling legs, arms, upper body, face. Currently, cure for disease yet be developed. However, treatment options such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) plasma exchange (PE) have been used minimize symptoms duration disease. Therefore, this systematic review meta-analysis compared efficacy IVIG PE treating GBS patients with severe symptoms.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
14