Biomass Hydrochar: A Critical Review of Process Chemistry, Synthesis Methodology, and Applications DOI Open Access
Joshua O. Ighalo,

Florence Chidinma Akaeme,

Jordana Georgin

и другие.

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(4), С. 1660 - 1660

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a novel thermochemical process that turns biomass into hydrochar, substance rich in carbon has potential uses advanced material synthesis, energy production, and environmental remediation. With an emphasis on important chemical pathways, such as dehydration, decarboxylation, polymerization, control the conversion of lignocellulosic useful this review critically investigates fundamental chemistry HTC. A detailed analysis conducted effects variables physicochemical characteristics including temperature, pressure, composition, water ratio, residence time. Particular focus placed new developments HTC technology improve sustainability efficiency, like recirculating microwave-assisted co-hydrothermal carbonization. Furthermore, improvement adsorption capacity for organic contaminants heavy metals explored relation to functionalization activation namely through surface modification KOH treatment. The performance hydrochar biochar adsorption, catalysis, storage compared, emphasizing unique benefits difficulties each substance. Although comparatively high higher heating value (HHV) can be good substitute coal, issues with reactor design, scalability, secondary waste management continue limit its widespread use. In order maximize sustainable profitable avenue valorization, study addresses critical research gaps future initiatives.

Язык: Английский

Biomass Hydrochar: A Critical Review of Process Chemistry, Synthesis Methodology, and Applications DOI Open Access
Joshua O. Ighalo,

Florence Chidinma Akaeme,

Jordana Georgin

и другие.

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(4), С. 1660 - 1660

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a novel thermochemical process that turns biomass into hydrochar, substance rich in carbon has potential uses advanced material synthesis, energy production, and environmental remediation. With an emphasis on important chemical pathways, such as dehydration, decarboxylation, polymerization, control the conversion of lignocellulosic useful this review critically investigates fundamental chemistry HTC. A detailed analysis conducted effects variables physicochemical characteristics including temperature, pressure, composition, water ratio, residence time. Particular focus placed new developments HTC technology improve sustainability efficiency, like recirculating microwave-assisted co-hydrothermal carbonization. Furthermore, improvement adsorption capacity for organic contaminants heavy metals explored relation to functionalization activation namely through surface modification KOH treatment. The performance hydrochar biochar adsorption, catalysis, storage compared, emphasizing unique benefits difficulties each substance. Although comparatively high higher heating value (HHV) can be good substitute coal, issues with reactor design, scalability, secondary waste management continue limit its widespread use. In order maximize sustainable profitable avenue valorization, study addresses critical research gaps future initiatives.

Язык: Английский

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