Airway remodelling in asthma and the epithelium: on the edge of a new era

European Respiratory Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 63(4), С. 2301619 - 2301619

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous disease of the airways, often characterised by structural changes known collectively as airway remodelling. In response to environmental insults, including pathogens, allergens and pollutants, epithelium can initiate remodelling via an inflammatory cascade involving variety mediators that have downstream effects on both immune cells. These include epithelial cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin (IL)-33 IL-25, which facilitate through cross-talk between cells fibroblasts, mast smooth muscle cells, well signalling with such macrophages. The also independently inflammation in mechanical stress present during bronchoconstriction. Furthermore, genetic epigenetic alterations components are believed influence Here, we review recent advances our understanding roles driving remodelling, facilitated developments sequencing imaging techniques. We explore how new existing therapeutics target could modify

Язык: Английский

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Macrophages Orchestrate Airway Inflammation, Remodeling, and Resolution in Asthma

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(13), С. 10451 - 10451

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023

Asthma is a heterogenous chronic inflammatory lung disease with endotypes that manifest different immune system profiles, severity, and responses to current therapies. Regardless of endotype, asthma features increased cell infiltration, cytokine release, airway remodeling. Lung macrophages are also in there separate subsets and, depending on the environment, effector functions. important recruitment cells such as eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes enhance allergic inflammation initiate T helper responses. Persistent remodeling including mucus hypersecretion, smooth muscle mass, fibrosis contributes progressive function decline insensitive treatments. Macrophages secrete mediators induce Additionally, instrumental protecting against pathogens play critical role resolution return homeostasis. This review summarizes literature detailing roles existing knowledge gaps for key orchestrators pathogenesis. We raise idea modulating alleviating asthma.

Язык: Английский

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Role of IL‐5 in asthma and airway remodelling

Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 54(8), С. 538 - 549

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2024

Asthma is a common and burdensome chronic inflammatory airway disease that affects both children adults. One of the main concerns with asthma manifestation irreversible tissue remodelling airways due to environment eventually disrupts whole structure airways. Most people troublesome are treated inhaled corticosteroids. However, development steroid resistance commonly encountered issue, necessitating other treatment options for these patients. Biological therapies promising therapeutic approach steroid-resistant asthma. Interleukin 5 recently gaining lot attention as biological target relevant process. Since IL-5-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mepolizumab, reslizumab benralizumab) currently available clinical use, this review aims revisit role IL-5 in pathogenesis at large particular, addition exploring its treatments.

Язык: Английский

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Individual and joint association of phenols, parabens, and phthalates with childhood lung function: Exploring the mediating role of peripheral immune responses

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 454, С. 131457 - 131457

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Targeting mitochondrial function as a potential therapeutic approach for allergic asthma

Inflammation Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 74(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Airway epithelial cell-specific delivery of lipid nanoparticles loading siRNA for asthma treatment

Journal of Controlled Release, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 352, С. 422 - 437

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Asthma: Friends or Foes?

Cells, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(21), С. 3521 - 3521

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2022

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by variable airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness. A plethora of immune structural cells are involved in asthma pathogenesis. The roles neutrophils their mediators different phenotypes largely unknown. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) net-like structures composed DNA scaffolds, histones granular proteins released activated neutrophils. NETs were originally described as process to entrap kill variety microorganisms. NET formation can be achieved through cell-death process, termed NETosis, or association with the release from viable also promote resolution inflammation degrading cytokines chemokines. have been implicated pathogenesis various non-infectious conditions, including autoimmunity, cancer even allergic disorders. Putative surrogate biomarkers (e.g., double-strand (dsDNA), myeloperoxidase-DNA (MPO-DNA), citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3)) found sites/fluids patients asthma. Targeting has proposed therapeutic strategy several diseases. However, components may alternate, opposite, consequences on inflammation. Here we review recent findings emphasizing pathogenic potential

Язык: Английский

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A pathogenic integrated view explaining the different endotypes of asthma and allergic disorders

Allergy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 77(11), С. 3267 - 3292

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2022

The inflammation of allergic diseases is characterized by a complex interaction between type 2 and 3 immune responses, explaining clinical symptoms histopathological patterns. Airborne stimuli activate the mucosal epithelium to release number molecules impacting activity resident environmental cells. Signals from barrier, regulatory cells, inflamed tissue are crucial conditions able modify innate adaptive effector cells providing selective homing eosinophils or neutrophils. high plasticity T- lymphoid responding external signals prerequisite explain multiplicity endotypes diseases. This notion paved way for huge use specific biologic drugs interfering with pathogenic mechanisms inflammation. Based on response epithelial functions structural non-lymphoid this review proposes some immunopathogenic scenarios characterizing principal which can be associated precise phenotype asthma. Recent literature indicates that similar concepts also applied other non-respiratory disorders. next challenges will consist in defining biomarker(s) each endotype allowing quick diagnosis most effective personalized therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Biologics and airway remodeling in asthma: early, late, and potential preventive effects

Allergy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 80(2), С. 408 - 422

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2024

Although airway remodeling in severe and/or fatal asthma is still considered irreversible, its individual components as a cause of clinical symptoms lung function changes remain largely unknown. While inhaled glucocorticoids have not consistently been shown to affect remodeling, biologics targeting specific pathways inflammation improve function, mucus plugging, and structural that can exceed those seen with glucocorticoids. This superiority biologic treatment, which cannot be solely explained by insufficient doses or limited durations glucocorticoid therapies, needs further explored. For this field research, we propose novel classification the potential effects on into three temporal effects: early (days weeks, primarily modulating inflammatory processes), late (months years, predominantly affecting changes), preventive (outcomes treatment biologics). identification biologics, call for studies exploring impact biological patients moderate-to-severe asthma, should accompanied long-term evaluation parameters, biomarkers, burden, socioeconomic implications.

Язык: Английский

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Regulatory T Cells, a Viable Target Against Airway Allergic Inflammatory Responses in Asthma

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2022

Asthma is a multifactorial disorder characterized by the airway chronic inflammation, hyper-responsiveness (AHR), remodeling, and reversible obstruction. Although asthma known as heterogeneous group of diseases with various clinical manifestations, recent studies suggest that more than half cases are ‘‘T helper type 2 (Th2)-high’’ type, whose pathogenesis driven Th2 responses to an inhaled allergen from environmental exposures. The intensity duration inflammatory allergens largely depend on balance between effector regulatory cells, but many questions regarding mechanisms which relative magnitudes these opposing forces remained unanswered. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), comprise diverse subtypes suppressive function, have long been attracted extensive attention owing their capability limit development progression allergic diseases. In this review we seek update advances support essential role for Tregs in induction tolerance attenuation once inflammation established. We also discuss current concepts about Treg Treg-expressed mediators relevant controlling asthma, therapies designed based novel insights against settings.

Язык: Английский

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