Brain Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(9), С. 1261 - 1261
Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2023
The
eyes
provide
themselves
with
immune
tolerance.
Frequent
skin
inflammatory
diseases
in
young
blind
people
suggest,
nonetheless,
that
the
instruct
a
systemic
tolerance
benefits
whole
body.
We
tested
this
premise
by
using
delayed
contact
hypersensitivity
(DSCH)
as
tool
to
compare
response
developed
sighted
(S)
and
birth-enucleated
(BE)
mice
against
oxazolone
or
dinitrofluorobenzene
at
ages
of
10,
30
60
days
life.
Adult
enucleated
(AE)
age
were
also
assessed
when
they
reached
120
BE
displayed
exacerbated
DSCH
but
not
10
age.
AE
mice,
contrast,
show
no
DSCH.
Skin
inflammation
60-day-old
was
hapten
exclusive
supported
distinct
CD8+
lymphocytes.
number
intraepidermal
T
lymphocytes
migrating
Langerhans
cells
was,
however,
similar
between
S
days.
Our
observations
support
idea
organs
outside
from
an
early
higher
prevalence
disorders
reported
might
then
reflect
reduced
associated
impaired
functional
morphology
eyes.
Itch
is
a
dominant
symptom
in
dermatitis,
and
scratching
promotes
cutaneous
inflammation,
thereby
worsening
disease.
However,
the
mechanisms
through
which
exacerbates
inflammation
whether
provides
benefit
to
host
are
largely
unknown.
We
found
that
was
required
for
skin
mouse
models
dependent
on
FcεRI-mediated
mast
cell
activation.
Scratching-induced
pain-sensing
nociceptors,
neuropeptide
substance
P,
receptor
MrgprB2.
Scratching
also
increased
augmented
defense
superficial
Staphylococcus
aureus
infection.
Thus,
activation
of
nociceptor-driven
neuroinflammation,
both
exacerbated
allergic
disease
provided
protection
from
S.
aureus,
reconciling
seemingly
paradoxical
role
as
pathological
process
evolutionary
adaptation.
Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
132(2), С. 187 - 195
Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2023
Atopic
dermatitis
(AD)
is
the
most
common
inflammatory
skin
disease
worldwide,
affecting
20%
of
children
and
5%
adults.
One
critical
component
in
pathophysiology
AD
epidermal
barrier,
with
its
outermost
layer,
stratum
corneum
(SC),
conferring
biochemical
properties
that
enable
resilience
against
environmental
threats
maintain
homeostasis.
The
barrier
may
be
conceptualized
as
a
key
facilitator
complex
interactions
between
genetics,
host
immunity,
cutaneous
microbiome,
exposures.
genetic
risk
factor
for
development
persistence
loss-of-function
mutation
FLG,
recent
advances
genomics
focusing
on
rare
variant
discovery,
establishment
pathogenic
mechanisms,
exploration
role
other
differentiation
gene
variants
AD.
Aberrant
type
2
responses
down-regulate
transcription
genes,
alter
composition
SC
lipids,
induce
further
injury
through
neurocutaneous
feedback
loop
itch-scratch
cycle.
dysbiotic
epidermis
exhibits
reduced
bacterial
diversity
enhanced
colonization
Staphylococcus
Malassezia
species,
which
contribute
to
both
direct
action
toxins
perpetuation
cascades.
Enhanced
understanding
each
mechanisms
underpinning
disruption
has
led
novel
topical
systemic
molecules,
including
interleukin
(IL)-4Ra,
IL-13,
PDE4,
Janus-associated
kinase
inhibitors,
whose
clinical
effectiveness
exceeds
conventional
treatment
modalities.
In
this
narrative
review,
we
aim
summarize
current
above-mentioned
pathophysiological
therapeutic
focus
genetic,
cellular,
molecular
development.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
154(1), С. 11 - 19
Опубликована: Март 15, 2024
Various
immune
cells
in
the
skin
contribute
to
its
function
as
a
first
line
of
defense
against
infection
and
disease,
skin's
dense
innervation
by
pain-sensing
sensory
neurons
protects
host
injury
or
damage
signals.
Dendritic
(DCs)
are
heterogeneous
population
that
link
innate
response
adaptive
capturing,
processing,
presenting
antigens
promote
T-cell
differentiation
activation.
DCs
abundant
across
peripheral
tissues,
including
skin,
where
they
found
dermis
epidermis.
Langerhans
(LCs)
DC
subset
located
only
epidermis;
both
populations
can
migrate
lymph
nodes
broad
responses.
Dermal
LCs
close
apposition
with
nerve
fibers
express
neurotransmitter
receptors,
allowing
them
communicate
directly
nervous
system.
Thus,
neuroimmune
signaling
between
and/or
modulate
physiologic
pathophysiologic
pathways,
cell
regulation,
defense,
allergic
response,
homeostasis,
wound
repair.
Here,
we
summarize
latest
discoveries
on
DC-
LC-neuron
interaction
while
providing
an
overview
gaps
areas
not
previously
explored.
Understanding
interactions
these
2
defence
systems
may
provide
key
insight
into
developing
therapeutic
targets
for
treating
diseases
such
psoriasis,
neuropathic
pain,
lupus.
Immunological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
331(1)
Опубликована: Март 31, 2025
Type
2-mediated
immune
responses
protect
the
body
against
environmental
threats
at
barrier
surfaces,
such
as
large
parasites
and
toxins,
facilitate
repair
of
inflammatory
tissue
damage.
However,
maladaptive
to
typically
nonpathogenic
substances,
commonly
known
allergens,
can
lead
development
allergic
diseases.
2
immunity
involves
a
series
prototype
TH2
cytokines
(IL-4,
IL-5,
IL-13)
alarmins
(IL-33,
TSLP)
that
promote
generation
adaptive
CD4+
helper
cells
humoral
products
allergen-specific
IgE.
Mast
basophils
are
integral
players
in
this
network,
serving
primary
effectors
IgE-mediated
responses.
These
bind
IgE
via
high-affinity
receptors
(FcεRI)
expressed
on
their
surface
and,
upon
activation
by
release
variety
mediators
regulate
responses,
attract
modulate
other
cells,
contribute
repair.
Here,
we
review
biology
effector
mechanisms
these
focusing
primarily
role
mediating
both
physiological
pathological
contexts.
Frontiers in Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025
Skin
trauma
and
the
subsequent
wound
healing
process
present
significant
challenges
for
healthcare
systems
patients
globally.
Allergic
contact
dermatitis
(ACD)
was
a
delayed-type
hypersensitivity
reaction
that
can
disrupt
normal
repair
due
to
prolonged
inflammation
immune
dysregulation.
However,
specific
impact
of
ACD
on
inflammatory
response
in
remains
incompletely
understood.
This
study
aimed
investigate
influence
during
process.
retrospective
cohort
study.
A
total
120
with
skin
treated
at
Henan
Provincial
People's
Hospital
from
January
2023
December
were
included.
There
69
cases
control
51
ACD.
Inclusion
exclusion
criteria
defined,
various
indicators,
including
patient
data,
factors,
cell
detection,
assessment,
measured
analyzed
using
appropriate
statistical
methods.
The
revealed
differences
between
groups.
associated
higher
levels
TNF-α,
IL-6,
IL-1β,
C-reactive
protein,
IL-8
compared
(p
<
0.05).
Additionally,
group
exhibited
increased
counts
macrophages,
neutrophils,
T
lymphocytes,
B
mast
cells
Moreover,
linked
delayed
closure
time
distribution
degrees
Correlation
analysis
indicated
associations
among
ACD,
markers,
cellular
responses,
time,
degree
demonstrates
exerts
substantial
response,
components,
parameters
context
trauma.
heightened
altered
observed
underscore
need
targeted
interventions
tailored
optimize
this
population.
Allergic
contact
dermatitis
(ACD),
also
known
as
allergic
eczema,
is
a
common
inflammatory
skin
disorder
that
affects
millions
of
Americans
and
imposes
significant
physical,
psychological,
economic
burdens.
Differentiating
ACD
from
other
forms
remains
challenge,
with
patch
testing
the
gold
standard.
Despite
its
utility,
can
lack
diagnostic
accuracy,
highlighting
importance
molecular
biomarkers
to
refine
diagnosis
treatment.
Advances
in
transcriptomics
machine-learning
have
enabled
identification
involved
ACD,
such
loricrin
(LOR),
ADAM8,
CD47,
BATF,
SELE,
IL-37.
Moreover,
LOR,
NMF,
TEWL,
may
prognostic
value
evaluating
therapeutic
response.
Emerging
neurological
(neurobiomarkers),
including
IL-31
TRPV1,
target
pathways
pruritic
responses,
offering
novel
targets
well.
This
mini
review
summarizes
current
treatments,
for
targeted
therapies,
emphasizes
role
neurobiomarkers
Additional
research
on
validity
potential
these
necessary
improve
treatment
outcomes.
Experimental and Molecular Pathology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
136, С. 104889 - 104889
Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2024
Pruritus,
also
known
as
itching,
is
a
complex
sensation
that
involves
the
activation
of
specific
physiological
and
cellular
receptors.
The
skin
innervated
with
sensory
nerves
well
some
receptors
for
various
sensations,
its
immune
system
has
prominent
neurological
connections.
Sensory
neurons
have
considerable
impact
on
itching.
However,
cells
play
role
in
this
process,
they
release
pruritogens.
Disruption
dermal
barrier
activates
an
response,
initiating
series
chemical,
physical,
reactions.
These
reactions
involve
cell
types,
including
keratinocytes,
involved
innate
adaptive
immunity.
Collective
these
responses
confers
protection
against
potential
pathogens.
Thus,
understanding
molecular
mechanisms
contribute
to
pruritus
host
crucial
advancement
effective
treatment
approaches.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
analysis
present
knowledge
concerning
underlying
itching
signaling
skin.
Additionally,
explored
integration
broader
context
itch
mediators
expression
their
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(6), С. 1754 - 1754
Опубликована: Март 18, 2024
Atopic
dermatitis
is
a
heterogenous
inflammatory
disease
with
high
variety
in
terms
of
clinical
symptoms
and
etiopathogenesis,
occurring
both
pediatric
adult
populations.
The
manifestation
atopic
varies
depending
on
the
age
patients,
but
all
groups
share
certain
common
features,
such
as
chronic
recurrent
course
disease,
pruritus,
co-occurrence
diseases
personal
or
family
medical
history.
Treating
pruritus
priority
due
to
its
incidence
rate
substantial
impact
quality
life.
In
recent
years,
treatments
biological
drugs
have
increased
range
therapeutic
possibilities
dermatitis.
aim
study
present
safety
profile,
efficacy,
effectiveness
various
treatment
methods
for
therapy
