The gut microbiome and cross-reactivity of food allergens: current understanding, insights, and future directions

Frontiers in Allergy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

This mini-review examines the emerging role of gut microbiome in influencing food allergen cross-reactivity. It specifically focuses on how microbial diversity, antigens, and metabolites impact IgE-mediated allergic responses. Cross-reactivity occurs when structurally similar antigens trigger hypersensitivities, affecting millions people worldwide. Recent research underscores significance diversity early life for developing immune tolerance. Beneficial strains, such as Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium, play a crucial supporting functions T regulatory cells (Tregs) immunoglobulin A (IgA). Additionally, we discuss metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which enhance tolerance by promoting Treg differentiation maintaining barrier integrity, thereby reducing entry. However, it is important to note that SCFAs can provoke inflammatory responses under certain conditions, highlighting necessity targeted their dual effects. Dysbiosis-related intestinal permeability, often referred "leaky gut," further worsen Microbial like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are known influence Th2-dominant

Язык: Английский

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Molecular allergology: a clinical laboratory tool for precision diagnosis, stratification and follow-up of allergic patients

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), Год журнала: 2024, Номер 62(12), С. 2339 - 2355

Опубликована: Май 30, 2024

Abstract Identification of the molecular culprits allergic reactions leveraged allergology applications in clinical laboratory medicine. Molecular shifted focus from complex, heterogeneous allergenic extracts, e.g. pollen, food, or insect venom, towards genetically and immunologically defined proteins available for vitro diagnosis. is a precision medicine approach diagnosis, stratification, therapeutic management, follow-up prognostic evaluation patients within large range diseases. Exclusively nonredundant with any current tools allergy investigation. As an example major application, discrimination genuine sensitization allergen cross-reactivity at level allows proper targeting culprit thus dramatically improves patient management. This review aims introducing specialists to allergology, biochemical genetic bases, through immunological concepts, daily use diagnosis management

Язык: Английский

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Murine model of cross-IgE sensitization and cross-anaphylactic reactions among multiple group food allergens

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Approximately 32 million people in the United States suffer from food allergies. Some groups, such as legumes - peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish, have a high risk of cross-reactivity. However, murine model multiple group cross-reactivity is limited. We sought to develop that can be used investigate novel therapeutics for treatment C3H/HeJ mice were sensitized intraperitoneally (i.p.) once week three weeks with mixture 500µg protein peanut, cashew, walnut, shrimp, cod, 2 mg Alum. The control consisted naïve mice. IgE levels against allergens their cross-reactive measured by ELISA at baseline 3 after sensitization. In 4 5, given intragastric challenges 200mg/mouse each food: chickpea, lentil, almond, pistachio, hazelnut, brazil nut, pecan, lobster, salmon, mackerel. After challenge, anaphylactic symptoms, rectal temperatures, plasma histamine measured. There was significant elevation antigens (peanut cod) well oral challenge including nuts pecan. Furthermore, there increase crustaceans lobster fish like mackerel (p<0.01). Consistently, significantly increased symptom scores (p<0.05), decreased temperature (p<0.001), (p<0.05) compared occurred following foods unsensitized, but foods. generated comprehensive IgE-mediated groups anaphylaxes. This will provide an essential tool developing therapies

Язык: Английский

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Nouvelles sources protéiques et nouveaux allergènes : sensibilisation de novo et réactivité croisée

Revue française d'allergologie, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 65(3), С. 104203 - 104203

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2025

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Purification and Epitope Mapping of Jug r 4, a Major Walnut Allergen

Allergies, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(1), С. 8 - 8

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

Background: Tree nut allergy affects approximately 1% of the U.S. population and prevalence is increasing. Walnut most commonly reported tree in United States. This study aimed to investigate IgE cross-reactivity between walnut allergen Jug r 4 peanut Ara h 3 individuals with dual allergies. Methods: was purified from whole extract analyzed via western blot using anti-Ara antibodies alongside serum allergic patients. Sera both peanuts walnuts were utilized examine peptide microarrays comprising synthetic overlapping 15 mer peptides, offset by five amino acids, 4. These results compared against computationally predicted epitopes Structural Database for Allergic Proteins (SDAP). Additionally, SWISS-MODEL protein modeling software employed map onto Results: Our findings revealed previously unreported dual-allergic sera within allergens, highlighting locations empirically determined SDAP-predicted epitopes. Conclusions: While six as cross-reactive, only three frequently recognized individuals, underscoring their potential significance clinically relevant cross-reactivity.

Язык: Английский

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Ex vivo and in vivo cross-reactivity between major and minor allergens from cow's milk: A study in Balb/c mouse model

Revue française d'allergologie, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 65(3), С. 104251 - 104251

Опубликована: Март 19, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling Prospective Therapeutic Potential of Conserved Hypothetical Plasmodium falciparum Proteins by Using Integrated Proteo Genomic Annotation and In-Silico Therapeutic Discovery Approach

The Protein Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The Allergy Crossroads of Subtropical Regions: Mites, Crustaceans, and the Rise of Edible Insects

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(9), С. 1405 - 1405

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2025

Background: Edible insects (EIs) are increasingly recognized as a sustainable protein source, yet concerns persist regarding allergic reactions, even in individuals without prior known consumption. This study examines the immune response profile patients from subtropical area to improve understanding of mite-related cross-reactivity and emerging food sensitizations. Methods: To assess sensitization edible insects, we analyzed 634 tertiary care allergy institution with high perennial exposure house dust mites storage mites. Sensitization patterns were assessed using ALEX²® MacroArray platform, multiplex IgE diagnostic tool covering 282 allergens, including Locusta migratoria (Lm), Acheta domesticus (Ad), T. molitor (Tm). Patients levels ≥0.3 kU/L evaluated for both mite allergens pan-allergens. Results: Of patients, 138 (21.76%) exhibited at least one EI extract. Tropomyosin was most prevalent pan-allergen (63.76%), followed by troponin-C (28.98%) arginine kinase (26.81%). Notably, 95.66% EI-sensitized also reacted allergens. However, 23.18% lacked reactivity common pan-allergens, suggesting alternative mechanisms. Conclusions: investigation can highlight regional variations sensitization, where climates appears influence responses insect proteins. The findings suggest that is not merely incidental but represents distinct immunological phenomenon shaped environmental factors allergen cross-reactivity. Since presence food-specific does reliably indicate clinical allergy, lack challenge data constrains certainty, acknowledging potential risk factor remains essential ensuring safety protecting public health.

Язык: Английский

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Patterns and Prevalence of Food Allergen Cross-Reactivity: A Cross-Sectional Study of Food-Allergic Adults in the Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia

Cureus, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2025

Food allergies are a growing public health concern, with cross-reactivity complicating diagnosis and management. Cross-reactivity occurs when immune responses to one allergen trigger reactions similar proteins in other allergens. There is lack of regional data on the prevalence patterns food Saudi Arabia, particularly Makkah region. This study investigates among adults Makkah, considering gender- age-related differences. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between July October 2021 93 aged 18 years or older residing region who self-reported doctor-diagnosed allergies. Participants were recruited through an online questionnaire distributed via social media. The survey, validated by expert reviewers pretested for clarity, collected demographic information, types, data. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, matrix used assess co-sensitization associations. identified high rates nut, egg, fruit allergies, significant cross-reactivity, participants allergic nuts. Females reported higher allergy (65.6%) compared males (34.4%), aligning global trends. Middle-aged females exhibited highest cross-reactivity. most frequent observed nut (100%), egg (90.7%), (89.2%) Specifically, 90.9% individuals nuts experienced more than two revealed both expected (e.g., tree peanuts) unexpected fruits seafood), suggesting possible influence panallergens, co-sensitization, dietary factors. highlights region, findings underscore need clinician awareness atypical panallergen-driven support tailored patient counseling management strategies. Region-specific screening protocols culturally informed campaigns recommended address local practices improve awareness. Future longitudinal interventional studies incorporating objective diagnostic tools essential validate these effectiveness targeted interventions. These insights can inform clinical guidelines national policies diagnosis, treatment, education Arabia.

Язык: Английский

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Analysis of the multicomponent ALEX array data to examine patterns of sensitization in Cape Town, South Africa

Frontiers in Allergy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6

Опубликована: Май 7, 2025

This study analysed allergen sensitization patterns in Cape Town, a biodiversity-rich region with Mediterranean climate, using ALEX® and ALEX²® multiplex component-resolved diagnostics tools. It aimed to address gaps sensitisation pattern data complement aerobiological monitoring. A retrospective review of 708 adults children attending two tertiary allergy clinics (2019-2024) found that house dust mites were the most common allergens, affecting 50%-60% participants, Der p 23 particularly prevalent (53%). Grass pollen was also high (46%), 85% sensitised C4 grass Bermuda. Tree occurred 29% 14% diverse range trees but neither London plane nor Cypress currently recommended limited testing panels. Common food allergens included fruits (30%), seafood (27%), nuts (25%), often linked cross-reactivity. Our confirms known aeroallergen for coastal temperate region, increasing sensitisation, particular grasses. Clinicians should be aware diversity tree cross-reactivity between sensitisations rates minor Blomia animal danders when considering allergen-immunotherapies.

Язык: Английский

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