Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: Revised third edition recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology

Journal of Psychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 30(6), С. 495 - 553

Опубликована: Март 15, 2016

The British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines specify the scope and target of treatment bipolar disorder. second version, like first, is based explicitly on available evidence presented, previous Clinical Practice guidelines, as recommendations to aid clinical decision making practitioners: they may also serve a source information patients carers. are presented together with more detailed but selective qualitative review evidence. A consensus meeting, involving experts in disorder its treatment, reviewed key areas considered strength implications. were drawn up after extensive feedback from participants interested parties. supporting was rated. cover diagnosis disorder, management, strategies use medicines episodes, relapse prevention stopping treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and the Central Nervous System

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 360(1), С. 201 - 205

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2016

Biochemical integrity of the brain is vital for normal functioning central nervous system (CNS). One factors contributing to cerebral biochemical impairment a chemical process called oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs upon excessive free radical production resulting from an insufficiency counteracting antioxidant response system. The brain, with its high oxygen consumption and lipid-rich content, highly susceptible Therefore, stress–induced damage has strong potential negatively impact CNS functions. Although historically been considered be involved mainly in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease, Huntington Parkinson involvement neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety depression, beginning recognized. This review discussion relevance emotional mental well-being.

Язык: Английский

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Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging

Archives of Toxicology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 97(10), С. 2499 - 2574

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2023

Abstract A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or “good stress” characterized by low to mild levels oxidants involved in the regulation various biochemical transformations such carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, modulation signal transduction pathways Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related 2 (Nrf2) other processes. Increased ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result a harmful condition stress (“bad stress”). Although it widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial origin, they share common denominator. Here we review importance mechanisms through which contributes pathological states an organism. Attention focused on chemistry ROS RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), their role damage DNA, proteins, membrane lipids. Quantitative qualitative assessment biomarkers also discussed. Oxidative pathology cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s Down syndrome), psychiatric (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, cancer), aging. The concerted action antioxidants ameliorate effect achieved antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), small molecular weight (vitamins C E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, others). Perhaps one most effective vitamin first line defense against peroxidation promising approach appears be use flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties may boost cellular systems thus act preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds potential pharmaceutical interventions sirtuins therapeutic targets for age-related anti-aging strategies

Язык: Английский

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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Associated ROS

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 17(3), С. 327 - 327

Опубликована: Март 2, 2016

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a fascinating network of tubules through which secretory and transmembrane proteins enter unfolded exit as either folded or misfolded proteins, after they are directed toward other organelles to degradation, respectively. ER redox environment dictates the fate entering level signaling mediators modulates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulating evidence suggests interrelation stress ROS with such protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)-endoplasmic oxidoreductin (ERO)-1, glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disuphide (GSSG), NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), NADPH-P450 reductase (NPR), calcium. Here, we reviewed persistent misfolding-initiated cascades their significant roles in pathogenesis multiple human disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, inflammation, ischemia, kidney liver diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Is depression associated with increased oxidative stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 51, С. 164 - 175

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2014

It has been suggested that depressed persons have increased oxidative stress and decreased anti-oxidant defences. 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) F2-isoprostanes, measures of DNA lipid damage respectively, are among the most reliable markers, but studies on their association with depression show conflicting results. This meta-analysis quantifies between these markers explores factors may explain inconsistencies in A systematic literature search was conducted PubMed, EMBASE PsycINFO. Studies assessing 8-OHdG or F2-isoprostanes elevated depressive symptoms, major disorder (MDD) bipolar (BD) were pooled two random-effect models. The effect size (Hedges' g) for 0.31 (p = 0.01, I2 75%) (10 studies, 1308 subjects) 0.48 0.001, 73%) (8 2471 subjects), indicating both depression. There no indication publication bias either marker. F2-isoprostane results did not differ by type depression, biological specimen, laboratory method quality, however subgroup analyses showed significantly stronger associations plasma/serum vs. urine samples < 0.01), measurements performed immuno-assay chromatography–mass spectrometry 0.01) weaker high quality low 0.02). finds stress, as measured is Larger-scale needed to extend evidence examine potential impact treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Bipolar disorder diagnosis: challenges and future directions

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 381(9878), С. 1663 - 1671

Опубликована: Май 1, 2013

Язык: Английский

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Neuropsychological testing of cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar disorder: an individual patient data meta‐analysis

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 128(3), С. 149 - 162

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2013

Objective An association between bipolar disorder and cognitive impairment has repeatedly been described, even for euthymic patients. Findings are inconsistent both across primary studies previous meta-analyses. This study reanalysed 31 data sets as a single large sample (N = 2876) to provide more definitive view. Method Individual patient control were obtained from original authors 11 measures four common neuropsychological tests: California or Rey Verbal Learning Task (VLT), Trail Making Test (TMT), Digit Span and/or Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Results Impairments found all test-measures in the group after controlling age, IQ gender (Ps ≤ 0.001, E.S. 0.26–0.63). Residual mood symptoms confound this result but cannot account effect sizes found. also seem unrelated drug treatment. Some weakly correlated with illness severity suggesting that some impairments may track progression. Conclusion reanalysis supports VLT, TMT robust of The heterogeneity test results explains differences Better confounds suggests deficits be smaller than previously reported should tracked longitudinally progression

Язык: Английский

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Decreased levels of glutathione, the major brain antioxidant, in post-mortem prefrontal cortex from patients with psychiatric disorders

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2010, Номер 14(01), С. 123 - 130

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2010

Accruing data suggest that oxidative stress may be a factor underlying the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ). Glutathione (GSH) is free radical scavenger in brain. Diminished GSH levels elevate cellular vulnerability towards stress; characterized by accumulating reactive oxygen species. The aim this study was to determine if mood disorders SCZ are associated with abnormal its functionally related enzymes. Post-mortem prefrontal cortex from patients BD, MDD, SCZ, non-psychiatric comparison controls were provided Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium. Spectrophotometric analysis utilized for quantitative determination GSH, while immunoblotting analyses used examine expression glutamyl-cysteine ligase (GCL), reductase (GR), peroxidase (GPx). We found reduced, oxidized, total significantly decreased all psychiatric conditions compared control group. Although GCL GR did not differ between groups, GPx reduced MDD subjects. Since damage has been demonstrated our finding post-mortem suggests these patient groups more susceptible stress.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and Psychological Disorders

Current Neuropharmacology, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 12(2), С. 140 - 147

Опубликована: Март 11, 2014

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between cellular production of reactive oxygen species and the counteracting antioxidant mechanisms. The brain with its high consumption a lipid-rich environment considered highly susceptible to oxidative or redox imbalances. Therefore, fact that implicated in several mental disorders including depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia bipolar disorder, not surprising. Although elegant studies have established link psychiatric causal relationship diseases fully determined. Another critical aspect needs much attention effort our understanding association emotional stress. This review examines some recent discoveries status anxiety, disorder. A discussion published results questions currently exist field regarding also provided.

Язык: Английский

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A review of research trends in physiological abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders: immune dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and environmental toxicant exposures

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2011, Номер 17(4), С. 389 - 401

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2011

Recent studies have implicated physiological and metabolic abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) other psychiatric disorders, particularly immune dysregulation or inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction environmental toxicant exposures ('four major areas'). The aim of this study was to determine trends the literature on these topics with respect ASD. A comprehensive search from 1971 2010 performed four areas ASD three objectives. First, publications were divided by several criteria, including whether not they an association between abnormality large percentage dysregulation/inflammation (416 out 437 publications, 95%), stress (all 115), (145 153, 95%) (170 190, 89%). Second, strength evidence for each area computed using a validated scale. strongest followed dysfunction. In all areas, at least 45% rated as providing strong Third, time compared neuroimaging, neuropathology, theory mind genetics comparison number per 5-year block eight calculated order identify significant changes trends. Prior 1986, only 12 identified 51 (42 genetics). For period, total combined increased progressively. Most (552 895, 62%) published last 5 years (2006–2010). Evaluation demonstrated that largest relative growth dysregulation/inflammation, exposures, neuroimaging. Research started growing years. Theory neuropathology research has declined recent Although most ASD, publication bias may led overestimation association. Further into provide insight general subset-specific processes could contribute development disorders.

Язык: Английский

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