Gender Differences in Cortisol and Cortisol Receptors in Depression: A Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(8), С. 7129 - 7129

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2023

Stress is known to have a significant impact on mental health. While gender differences can be found in stress response and disorders, there are limited studies the neuronal mechanisms of Here, we discuss cortisol depression as presented by recent clinical studies, well role glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) mineralocorticoid (MRs) stress-associated disorders. When examining drawn from PubMed/MEDLINE (National Library Medicine) EMBASE, salivary generally showed no correlation. However, young males were reported show heightened reactivity compared females similar age depression. Pubertal hormones, age, early life stressors, types bio-samples for measurement affected recorded levels. The GRs MRs HPA axis could different between during depression, with increased activity upregulated MR expression male mice, while inverse happened female mice. functional heterogeneity imbalance brain may explain This knowledge understanding will support development gender-specific diagnostic markers involving

Язык: Английский

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A systematic review into the role of pubertal timing and the social environment in adolescent mental health problems

Clinical Psychology Review, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 102, С. 102282 - 102282

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Urinary Glyphosate, 2,4-D and DEET Biomarkers in Relation to Neurobehavioral Performance in Ecuadorian Adolescents in the ESPINA Cohort

Environmental Health Perspectives, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 131(10)

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2023

Background: Herbicides are the most used class of pesticides worldwide, and insect repellents widely globally. Yet, there is a dearth studies characterizing associations between these chemical groups human neurobehavior. Experimental suggest that glyphosate 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicides can affect neurobehavior cholinergic glutamatergic pathways in brain. We aim to assess whether associated with neurobehavioral performance adolescents. Methods: assessed 519 participants (11–17 years age) living agricultural communities Ecuador. quantified urinary concentrations glyphosate, 2,4-D, two N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) repellent metabolites [3-(diethylcarbamoyl)benzoic (DCBA) 3-(ethylcarbamoyl)benzoic (ECBA)] using isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. 9 subtests across 5 domains (attention/inhibitory control, memory/learning, language, visuospatial processing, social perception). characterized generalized estimating equations multiple imputation for below detection limits. Models were adjusted demographic anthropometric characteristics, creatinine, sexual maturation. Mediation by salivary cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, 17β-estradiol, testosterone was structural equation modeling. Results: The mean each domain score 7.0 8.7 [standard deviation (SD) range: 2.0–2.3]. Glyphosate detected 98.3% participants, 2,4-D 66.2%, DCBA 63.3%, ECBA 33.4%. negatively all domains, but statistically significant observed attention/inhibition [score difference per 50% higher metabolite concentration (β)=−0.19 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.31, −0.07], language [β=−0.12 (95% CI: −0.23, −0.01)], memory/learning [β=−0.11 −0.22, 0.01)]. had negative association only perception [β=−0.08 −0.14, −0.01)]. DEET not performance. gender adrenal hormones observed. Conclusion: This study describes worse herbicide exposures adolescents, particularly 2,4-D. Replication findings among other pediatric adult populations needed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11383

Язык: Английский

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Adolescent neurocognitive development and decision-making abilities regarding gender-affirming care

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 67, С. 101351 - 101351

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

Recently, politicians and legislative bodies have cited neurodevelopmental literature to argue that brain immaturity undermines decision-making regarding gender-affirming care (GAC) in youth. Here, we review this as it applies adolescents' ability make decisions GAC. The research shows while adolescence is a time of peak risk-taking behavior may lead impulsive decisions, neurocognitive systems supporting adult-level are available given deliberative processes minimize influence short-term rewards peers. Since GAC occur over an extended period with support from adult caregivers clinicians, adolescents can engage context. We also weigh the benefits providing access during consider significant costs blocking or delaying Transgender non-binary (TNB) face mental health challenges, many which mitigated by access. Further, initiating process adolescence, define beginning at pubertal onset, leads better long-term outcomes than waiting until adulthood. Taken together, existing indicates informed care, critical for well-being TNB highlight relevant considerations policy makers, researchers, clinicians.

Язык: Английский

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Depression in adolescence and young adulthood: the difficulty to integrate motivational/emotional systems

Frontiers in Psychology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Depression is presented as a multi-factorial bio-psycho-social expression that has evolved primarily an effect of stressors related to the motivational/emotional systems regulate BrainMind in our relationship with conspecifics. These may be caused by two sources threat, firstly, loss bonding caregiver and later partner and/or group which relates SEPARATION (PANIC/GRIEF) system, secondly, social defeat competition dominance. The sexual maturity drives individual dominance, even if latter often occurs before maturity, e.g., chickens, dogs, non-human primates, humans. evolutionarily conserved mechanism mammals terminate both separation anxiety, so protect vulnerable brain from consequences prolonged stress when predictable. Adolescence Young adulthood are particularly susceptible these types threat because human developmental characteristics summarized term neoteny. This refers slowing down growth development, resulting period dependence on caring/protective adult persistence juvenile throughout life. Therefore, neoteny makes transition childhood more dramatic, making integration system dynamics dominance stressful source depression. Stress HPA-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis articulates other systems, mainly autonomic nervous immune-inflammatory system. believed one most significant components depressive processes, connected prodromes its activation childhood, under pressure environmental relational can lead learned helplessness. recurrence it easier for activated life, could make contribution establishment disease. possible children's identification processes their parents' personalities through observational learning considered.

Язык: Английский

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Associations of PFAS and pesticides with lung function changes from adolescence to young adulthood in the ESPINA study

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 265, С. 114526 - 114526

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Pubertal timing, depressive symptoms, and depression in adolescent males: a prospective cohort study

Psychological Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 55

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Abstract Background Early pubertal timing is associated with depressive symptoms in girls, but studies boys are limited and have yielded conflicting results. Methods N = 4,664 male participants from a UK birth cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents Children – ALSPAC). Seven indicators were measured repeatedly 7 to 17 years (age at: peak height velocity, weight bone mineral content Tanner stage 3 pubic hair, genitalia, axillary voice break), categorised into ‘early’, ‘on-time,’ ‘late’ (mean ± 1 SD). Depressive (binary variable indicating higher versus lower levels) assessed at 14 18 years, depression (ICD-10 diagnosis) was years. Multivariable logistic regression used examine associations between each indicator symptoms/depression, adjusted for socioeconomic status (SES) prepubertal body mass index (BMI). Results Compared males normative development, the odds age those early velocity (OR: 2.06; 95% CI 1.27–3.34), 2.10; 1.16–3.79), genitalia 1.81; 1.01–3.26). There no evidence or 18. Conclusions We found that an earlier had increased maturing could be targeted interventions aimed preventing depression.

Язык: Английский

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Sex Hormone Fluctuations as a Precursor to Depression in Females But Not Males

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Puberty and ADHD: A scoping review and framework for future research

Clinical Psychology Review, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 117, С. 102567 - 102567

Опубликована: Март 5, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Stress in lockdown: exploring the interplay and effects of cortisol and psychological distress in parent-child dyads

Journal of Neural Transmission, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

Язык: Английский

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