Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Disruption: Causes, Metabolic Consequences, and Countermeasures

Endocrine Reviews, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 37(6), С. 584 - 608

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2016

Abstract Circadian (∼24-hour) timing systems pervade all kingdoms of life and temporally optimize behavior physiology in humans. Relatively recent changes to our environments, such as the introduction artificial lighting, can disorganize circadian system, from level molecular clocks that regulate cellular activities synchronization between daily cycles solar day. Sleep/wake are intertwined with global trends indicate these, too, increasingly subject disruption. A large proportion world's population is at increased risk environmentally driven rhythm sleep disruption, a minority individuals also genetically predisposed misalignment disorders. The consequences disruption system profound include myriad metabolic ramifications, some which may be compounded by adverse effects on dietary choices. If not addressed, deleterious will continue cause widespread health problems; therefore, implementation numerous behavioral pharmaceutical interventions help restore alignment enhance important.

Язык: Английский

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Digital eye strain: prevalence, measurement and amelioration

BMJ Open Ophthalmology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 3(1), С. e000146 - e000146

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2018

Digital device usage has increased substantially in recent years across all age groups, so that extensive daily use for both social and professional purposes is now normal. eye strain (DES), also known as computer vision syndrome, encompasses a range of ocular visual symptoms, estimates suggest its prevalence may be 50% or more among users. Symptoms fall into two main categories: those linked to accommodative binocular stress, external symptoms dry eye. Although are typically transient, they frequent persistent, have an economic impact when vocational users affected. DES identified measured using one several available questionnaires, objective evaluations parameters such critical flicker-fusion frequency, blink rate completeness, function pupil characteristics used provide indices fatigue. Correlations between subjective measures not always apparent. A management approaches exist including correction refractive error and/or presbyopia, eye, incorporating regular screen breaks consideration vergence problems. Recently, authors explored the putative role blue light-filtering spectacle lenses on treating DES, with mixed results. Given high near-universal digital devices, it essential care practitioners able advice options based quality research evidence.

Язык: Английский

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An update on adolescent sleep: New evidence informing the perfect storm model^☆

Journal of Adolescence, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 67(1), С. 55 - 65

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2018

Язык: Английский

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EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016 for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems and illnesses

Reviews on Environmental Health, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 31(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2016

Abstract Chronic diseases and illnesses associated with non-specific symptoms are on the rise. In addition to chronic stress in social work environments, physical chemical exposures at home, work, during leisure activities causal or contributing environmental stressors that deserve attention by general practitioner as well all other members of health care community. It seems necessary now take “new exposures” like electromagnetic fields (EMF) into account. Physicians increasingly confronted problems from unidentified causes. Studies, empirical observations, patient reports clearly indicate interactions between EMF exposure problems. Individual susceptibility factors frequently neglected. New wireless technologies applications have been introduced without any certainty about their effects, raising new challenges for medicine society. For instance, issue so-called non-thermal effects potential long-term low-dose were scarcely investigated prior introduction these technologies. Common field sources: Radio-frequency radiation (RF) (3 MHz 300 GHz) is emitted radio TV broadcast antennas, Wi-Fi access points, routers, clients (e.g. smartphones, tablets), cordless mobile phones including base stations, Bluetooth devices. Extremely low frequency electric (ELF EF) magnetic MF) Hz 3 kHz) electrical wiring, lamps, appliances. Very (VLF kHz MHz) emitted, due harmonic voltage current distortions, lamps compact fluorescent lamps), electronic On one hand, there strong evidence certain EMFs a risk factor such cancers, Alzheimer’s disease, male infertility. emerging hypersensitivity (EHS) more recognized authorities, disability administrators case workers, politicians, courts law. We recommend treating EHS clinically part group multisystem (CMI), but still recognizing underlying cause remains environment. beginning, occur only occasionally, over time they may increase severity. include headaches, concentration difficulties, sleep problems, depression, lack energy, fatigue, flu-like symptoms. A comprehensive medical history, which should occurrences spatial temporal terms context exposures, key making diagnosis. The usually assessed measurements home work. Certain types can be asking common sources. very important individual primary method treatment mainly focus prevention reduction exposure, is, reducing eliminating sources high workplace. also extended public spaces schools, hospitals, transport, libraries enable persons an unhindered use (accessibility measure). If detrimental reduced sufficiently, body has chance recover will even disappear. Many examples shown measures prove effective. To effectiveness treatment, broad range contribute total burden addressed. Anything supports homeostasis person’s resilience against disease thus adverse exposure. There increasing major impact oxidative nitrosative regulation capacity affected individuals. This concept explain why level change reported so large. Based our understanding, approach minimizes peroxynitrite – used works best. Guideline gives overview knowledge regarding EMF-related risks provides recommendations diagnosis, accessibility improve restore outcomes development strategies prevention.

Язык: Английский

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Relationships between Severity of Internet Gaming Disorder, Severity of Problematic Social Media Use, Sleep Quality and Psychological Distress

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(6), С. 1879 - 1879

Опубликована: Март 13, 2020

Internet gaming and social media use are prevalent integral to many people’s lives. However, excessive engagement in either could lead negative health impacts. This study aimed investigate relationships between severities of internet disorder (IGD) problematic (operationalized as addiction; SMA) with sleep quality psychological distress among young adults. A cross-sectional snowball sampling was conducted Hong Kong university students 2019. All participants (n = 300; mean (SD) age 20.89 (1.48); 122 males (40.67%)) responded an online survey that included Chinese versions the Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Multiple linear regressions demonstrated IGDS-SF9 scores associations measures (standardized coefficient (β) 0.295 for depression, 0.325 anxiety, 0.339 stress, all p < 0.001). BSMAS showed similar albeit numerically less robust (β 0.235 0.001; 0.219 0.262 poorer 0.292; 0.001) IGDS9-SF 0.157; 0.024) a significantly association (p 0.01 comparing two βs). These findings suggest both IGD SMA associate more quality, although strengths may differ.

Язык: Английский

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Recommendations for daytime, evening, and nighttime indoor light exposure to best support physiology, sleep, and wakefulness in healthy adults

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(3), С. e3001571 - e3001571

Опубликована: Март 17, 2022

Ocular light exposure has important influences on human health and well-being through modulation of circadian rhythms sleep, as well neuroendocrine cognitive functions. Prevailing patterns do not optimally engage these actions for many individuals, but advances in our understanding the underpinning mechanisms emerging lighting technologies now present opportunities to adjust promote optimal physical mental performance. A newly developed, international standard provides a SI-compliant way quantifying influence intrinsically photosensitive, melanopsin-expressing, retinal neurons that mediate effects. The report recommendations lighting, based an expert scientific consensus expressed easily measured quantity (melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (melaponic EDI)) defined within this standard. are supported by detailed analysis sensitivity circadian, neuroendocrine, alerting responses ocular provide straightforward framework inform design practice.

Язык: Английский

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Timing of light exposure affects mood and brain circuits

Translational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 7(1), С. e1017 - e1017

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2017

Temporal organization of physiology is critical for human health. In the past, humans experienced predictable periods daily light and dark driven by solar day, which allowed entrainment intrinsic circadian rhythms to environmental light–dark cycles. Since adoption electric light, however, pervasive exposure nighttime lighting has blurred boundaries day night, making it more difficult synchronize biological processes. Many systems are under control, including sleep–wake behavior, hormone secretion, cellular function gene expression. Circadian disruption perturbs those processes associated with increasing incidence certain cancers, metabolic dysfunction mood disorders. This review focuses on role artificial at night in regulation, mechanisms through aberrant affects brain. Converging evidence suggests that alters brain regions involved emotion regulation. occurs direct neural input from clock or indirect effects, altered neuroplasticity, neurotransmission Recently, been recognized its health effects. summarizes linking mood.

Язык: Английский

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Fatigue and its management in the workplace

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 96, С. 272 - 289

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2018

Fatigue and workplace sleepiness are consequences of modern industrial society. is a complex biological phenomenon that occurs as function time awake, time-of-day, workload, health, off-duty lifestyle. two major factors – the homeostatic drive for sleep circadian rhythm sleepiness. The greatest cause fatigue insufficient or disrupted sleep. Excessive in on highways serious safety hazard, results numerous accidents adverse mental physical health outcomes. Evidence-based strategies promote better optimize work/rest schedules can mitigate impact loss. Proper nap scheduling, work breaks, modeling monitoring tools, detection technologies, pharmacological countermeasures be implemented at home and/or to reduce performance hazards. Education about obtaining adequate sleep, dangers terms both cognitive consequences, availability scientifically-proven sleep-enhancement alertness-management essential.

Язык: Английский

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Disruption of adolescents’ circadian clock: The vicious circle of media use, exposure to light at night, sleep loss and risk behaviors

Journal of Physiology-Paris, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 110(4), С. 467 - 479

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Youth Screen Media Habits and Sleep

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 27(2), С. 229 - 245

Опубликована: Март 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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